Sequence alignment of promoter elements in the buffalo, bovine, human and porcine 7SK and U6 promoters. The distal promoter regions containing the SphI Post-octamer Homology (SPH), Octamer (OCT)-1 and CACCC box sequences and proximal promoter regions containing the proximal sequence element (PSE) and TATA sequence elements are shown for each promoter. Matches to the consensus sequence, delineated at the top of the SPH [12,13], OCT-1 [21] and PSE [22] sequences, are shown in upper case. Nucleotide positions indicate the location (5′→3′) of each element in the promoter relative to the transcription start site (+1). Each dash mark between the OCT-1 and CACCC box, PSE and TATA box represents one nucleotide. Nucleotide abbreviations in consensus sequences are according to the International Union of Biochemistry convention for GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/).