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. 2014 Feb 21;15(2):3154–3171. doi: 10.3390/ijms15023154

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Evodiamine induces apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells. (A) Chemical structure of evodiamine (Evo); (B) Evodiamine inhibits the proliferation of bladder cancer cells. 253J (a) and T24 (b) cells were seeded in 96-well cell culture plates and treated the next day with evodiamine at the indicated concentrations for 24 and 48 h. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay and expressed as percent of control. Columns, means of triplicate determinations; Bars, SDs; (C) Evodiamine induces apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. 253J (a) and T24 (b) cells were treated with evodiamine at the indicated concentrations for 24 h, and then harvested for detection of apoptosis by Annexin V staining. * p < 0.05 versus control; (D) Activation of caspases and PARP in apoptosis induced by evodiamine. After treatment as in panel C, cells were harvested for Western blotting to detect the cleavage of caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3 and PARP. β-actin was used as a loading control. Data shown are representative of three independent experiments.