Table 2.
Comparison of Children With and Without Vertebral Fractures
| Clinical Characteristics | Children Without Vertebral Fracture N = 125 |
Children With Vertebral Fractures N = 9 |
*pΨ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Data | |||
| A Girls, N (%) | 83 (66) | 4 (44) | 0.277 |
| Age, median (min, max) | 10.0 (1.4, 16.9) | 14.3 (6.4, 16.5) | 0.043 |
| Anthropometry | |||
| Height Z-score, mean±SD | 0.04±1.0 | −0.29±0.9 | 0.267 |
| Weight Z-score, mean±SD | 0.31±1.2 | −0.20±0.9 | 0.154 |
| BMI Z-score, mean±SD | 0.40±1.2 | −0.13±1.1 | 0.213 |
| A Pubertal stage, N (%) | |||
| Stage 1 | 65 (53) | 4 (50) | 1.000 |
| Stage 2 – 5 | 58 (47) | 4 (50) | |
| Bone age, median (min, max) | 10.0 (1.1, 17.5) | 13.5 (6, 16) | 0.103 |
| Second Metacarpal Morphometry | |||
| Metacarpal length Z-score, mean±SD | 0.35±1.1 | 0.50±0.9 | 0.553 |
| Percent cortical area Z-score, mean±SD | 0.21±0.9 | 0.15±0.6 | 0.628 |
| Combined cortical thickness Z-score, mean±SD | 0.31±1.0 | −0.23±0.9 | B0.061 |
| Rheumatic Conditions Characteristics | |||
| Disease activity (10 cm VAS), mean±SD | 5.6±2.7 | 5.5±3.4 | 0.887 |
| ESR (mm/hr), median (min, max) | 40.5 (31.2) | 27.9 (24.5) | 0.234 |
| Number of days since diagnosis, median (min, max) | 23 (1, 4900) | 22 (3, 1902) | 0.407 |
| Number of days since symptom onset, median (min, max) | 146 (17, 5110) | 93 (19, 2268) | 0.771 |
| Back Pain | |||
| A Yes, N (%) | 31 (25) | 7 (77.8) | 0.002# |
| Lumbar Spine BMD | |||
| Lumbar spine BMD Z-score, mean±SD | −0.51±1.2 | −1.2±1.0 | 0.082 |
| Glucocorticoid Treatment | |||
| Cumulative GC dose (mg/m2), mean±SD | 1410±1600 | 1320±2755 | 0.244 |
| Number of days on GC, mean±SD | 16.7±8.5 | 14.1±10.4 | 0.376 |
| CTotal Calcium and Vitamin D Intake (Diet & Supplement) | |||
| Total calcium daily intake, mean± SD % of the DRI | |||
| < 50 (N = 4 with fractures, N = 0 without) | 31±19 | NA | NA |
| 50 – 100 (N = 12 with fractures, N = 1 without) | 68±13 | 70 (NA) | 0.923 |
| >= 100 (N = 104 with fractures, N = 8 without) | 273±164 | 178±60 | 0.042 |
| Total vitamin D daily intake, mean± SD % of the DRI | |||
| < 50 (N = 30 with fractures, N = 2 without) | 24±15 | 30±25 | 0.734 |
| 50 – 100 (N = 18 with fractures, N = 1 without) | 74±14 | 74 (NA) | 0.737 |
| >= 100 (N = 73 with fractures, N = 6 without) | 170±65 | 163±57 | 0.868 |
| HAES Activity Levels | |||
| Very active weekend hours, median (min, max) | 1.1 (0, 17) | 0 (0, 4) | 0.046 |
SD=Standard deviation, BMI=Body mass index, VAS=Visual analogue scale, ESR=Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, BMD= Bone mineral density, GC=Glucocorticoids, DRI=Dietary Reference Intake
Cumulative glucocorticoid dose is reported in prednisone equivalents
*
Statistical significance determined by non-parametric test (Mann-Whitney U with 2 independent samples)
A
Statistical significance determined by Chi-squared test or Fisher’s Exact Test
B
p-value with adjustment for metacarpal length Z-score by linear regression
C
Intake grouped into three groups based on the percent relative to the Dietary Recommended Intake for age
Ψ
Level of significance after Bonferroni correction = 0.002
#
Significant at P ≤0.002