Table 5.
Decaffeinated coffee consumption, cups | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||
<1/mo | 1/mo-4/wk | 5-7/wk | 2-3/d | ≥4/d | P value for trend | |
Men | ||||||
Death from all causes | ||||||
Person-yr | 294,554 | 213,006 | 131,207 | 50,843 | 11,355 | |
No. of deaths | 2783 | 2059 | 1479 | 481 | 86 | |
Age-adjusted | 1.0 | 0.85 (0.81-0.90) | 0.85 (0.80-0.90) | 0.92 (0.84-1.01) | 1.00 (0.81-1.24) | 0.20 |
Multivariable | 1.0 | 0.96 (0.90-1.03) | 0.93 (0.86-1.01) | 0.91 (0.82-1.01) | 0.81 (0.64-1.03) | 0.02 |
Death from CVD | ||||||
No. of deaths | 777 | 668 | 439 | 146 | 19 | |
Age-adjusted | 1.0 | 0.98 (0.89-1.09) | 0.88 (0.78-0.99) | 0.99 (0.84-1.19) | 0.81 (0.51-1.28) | 0.23 |
Multivariable | 1.0 | 1.10 (0.97-1.24) | 0.97 (0.85-1.12) | 0.95 (0.78-1.17) | 0.83 (0.52-1.31) | 0.16 |
Death from Cancer | ||||||
No. of deaths | 979 | 746 | 540 | 180 | 46 | |
Age-adjusted | 1.0 | 0.89 (0.81-0.98) | 0.90 (0.81-1.00) | 0.97 (0.83-1.14) | 1.49 (1.11-2.00) | 0.20 |
Multivariable | 1.0 | 0.96 (0.86-1.07) | 0.95 (0.84-1.07) | 0.95 (0.80-1.13) | 1.20 (0.87-1.66) | 0.81 |
Women * | ||||||
Death from all causes | ||||||
Person-yr | 760,095 | 387,614 | 314,893 | 99,778 | 16,169 | |
No. of deaths | 5023 | 2252 | 1921 | 486 | 59 | |
Age-adjusted | 1.0 | 0.73 (0.69-0.76) | 0.72 (0.68-0.75) | 0.74 (0.67-0.81) | 0.76 (0.59-0.99) | <0.001 |
Multivariable | 1.0 | 0.92 (0.87-0.97) | 0.89 (0.84-0.94) | 0.85 (0.77-0.94) | 0.78 (0.61-1.00) | <0.001 |
Death from CVD | ||||||
No. of deaths | 1096 | 441 | 401 | 114 | 10 | |
Age-adjusted | 1.0 | 0.66 (0.59-0.73) | 0.68 (0.61-0.76) | 0.78 (0.64-0.94) | 0.58 (0.31-1.08) | <0.001 |
Multivariable | 1.0 | 0.84 (0.75-0.95) | 0.85 (0.75-0.95) | 0.89 (0.73-1.09) | 0.55 (0.30-1.04) | 0.04 |
Death from Cancer | ||||||
No. of deaths | 2126 | 1021 | 852 | 233 | 30 | |
Age-adjusted | 1.0 | 0.81 (0.75-0.87) | 0.78 (0.72-0.84) | 0.83 (0.72-0.95) | 0.87 (0.60-1.24) | <0.001 |
Multivariable | 1.0 | 0.97 (0.90-1.05) | 0.93 (0.85-1.01) | 0.94 (0.82-1.08) | 0.86 (0.60-1.23) | 0.14 |
Follow-up since 1984. The person-years and cases are different for women from previous tables because of the different years of follow-up. Models included the same covariates as in Table 2, plus caffeinated coffee consumption. Values are relative risks and 95% confidence interval.