Table 3. Biological pathways associated with gene expression changes over 1 month.

Canonical pathways	−log(B-H P-value)
(a) GHD
Protein ubiquitination pathway	13.80
Estrogen receptor signaling	3.54
Glucocorticoid receptor signaling	3.51
Huntington's disease signaling	2.66
Actin nucleation by ARP–WASP complex	2.56
Oxidative phosphorylation	2.56
Mitochondrial dysfunction	2.37
NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response	2.36
Aldosterone signaling in epithelial cells	2.10
Purine metabolism	2.09
(b) TS
Rac signaling	2.86
Integrin signaling	2.50
CD28 signaling in T-helper cells	2.50
Inositol phosphate metabolism	2.23
Glucocorticoid receptor signaling	2.03
Signaling by rho family GTPases	2.03
Role of pattern recognition receptors in recognition of bacteria and viruses	1.99
Huntington's disease signaling	1.92
RAN signaling	1.79
PI3K signaling in B lymphocytes	1.79

The top 10 canonical pathways from (a) growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and (b) Turner syndrome (TS) associated with gene expression changes over 1 month, as defined by Ingenuity Knowledge Base, are shown. Fisher's exact test with a P-value corrected for false discovery rate by the Benjamini–Hochberg (B-H P-value) method.