Table 2.

Cross-sectional Analysis of Associations Between Arsenic Exposure and Hematuria at Baseline

As exposure variables*	Prevalence of hematuria in %, n (yes/no)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI) for hematuria	Adjusted OR (95% CI) for hematuria†
Baseline well As (μg/l)
0.1–3‡	13.2 (212/1399)	1.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)
3–25	13.7 (214/1345)	1.05 (0.86–1.29)	1.07 (0.87–1.31)
25–66	12.4 (194/1365)	0.94 (0.76–1.16)	0.95 (0.76–1.17)
66–142	16.4 (254/1292)	1.30 (1.07–1.58)	1.30 (1.06–1.59)
142–949.1	20.1 (315/1253)	1.66 (1.37–2.01)	1.66 (1.37–2.02)
OR per SD increase in exposure variable		1.20 (1.14–1.27)	1.20 (1.13–1.27)
P-value for trend		< 0.01	< 0.01
Baseline specific gravity-adjusted urinary As (μg/l)
1.7–39‡	11.7 (188/1414)	1.00 (Ref)	1.00 (Ref)
39–65	14.6 (221/1293)	1.29 (1.04–1.58)	1.29 (1.04–1.59)
65–106	16.1 (255/1331)	1.44 (1.18–1.77)	1.41 (1.15–1.74)
106–179.4	16.5 (258/1307)	1.49 (1.21–1.82)	1.46 (1.19–1.79)
179.4–2334.8	17.0 (266/1300)	1.54 (1.26–1.88)	1.56 (1.27–1.91)
OR per SD increase in exposure variable		1.06 (1.00–1.12)	1.06 (1.00–1.13)
P-value for trend		0.049	0.047

^*Cut points determined by quintiles of overall study population at baseline.

^†ORs adjusted for age, BMI, cigarette smoking status, education length, SBP, DBP, and occupational dye exposure.

^‡Reference group.