Table 4.

HR (95% CI) of mortality and cardiovascular events in participants with radiographic and symptomatic hand osteoarthritis compared with those with no hand osteoarthritis as reference

	Crude model	Adjusted model 1*	Adjusted model 2†
Mortality
No hand OA	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)
Radiographic hand OA	2.32 (1.88–2.86); p<0.001	0.79 (0.61–1.01); p=0.06	0.82 (0.63–1.07); p=0.14
Symptomatic hand OA	2.07 (1.56–2.75); p<0.001	0.75 (0.55–1.03); p=0.08	0.79 (0.57–1.10); p=0.16
	Crude model	Adjusted model 1*	Adjusted model 2‡
Events (in participants with no previous events of interest)
Cardiovascular events
No hand OA	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)
Radiographic hand OA	2.25 (1.68–3–02); p<0.001	1.04 (0.74–1.46); p=0.83	1.02 (0.72–1.45); p=0.90
Symptomatic hand OA	2.59 (1.80–3.73); p<0.001	1.25 (0.83–1.89); p=0.28	1.32 (0.87–2.03); p=0.19
Coronary heart disease
No hand OA	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)
Radiographic hand OA	2.19 (1.44–3.34); p<0.001	1.44 (0.89–2.35); p=0.14	1.60 (0.96–2.66); p=0.07
Symptomatic hand OA	2.56 (1.52–4.32); p<0.001	1.89 (1.04–3.41); p=0.04	2.26 (1.22–4.18); p=0.009
Congestive heart failure
No hand OA	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)
Radiographic hand OA	2.66 (1.82–3.89); p<0.001	0.92 (0.59–1.44); p=0.72	0.89 (0.56–1.41); p=0.63
Symptomatic hand OA	3.25 (2.06–5.14); p<0.001	1.18 (0.71–1.98); p=0.52	1.23 (0.71–2.13); p=0.45
Atherothrombotic stroke
No hand OA	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)
Radiographic hand OA	1.84 (1.03–3.30); p=0.04	0.82 (0.43–1.58); p=0.56	0.73 (0.37–1.43); p=0.36
Symptomatic hand OA	2.28 (1.11–4.71); p=0.03	1.04 (0.47–2.31); p=0.91	0.99 (0.44–2.26); p=0.99

^*Adjusted for age, sex, cohort and BMI.

^†Adjusted for age, sex, cohort, BMI, total cholesterol:HDL ratio, current lipid lowering treatment, increased blood pressure, current antihypertensive treatment, elevated fasting or non-fasting blood glucose, current antidiabetic treatment (oral or insulin), previous cardiovascular events (coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, atherothrombotic stroke), previous cancer, current use of NSAIDs, daily use of aspirin, current/previous smoking, alcohol use.

^‡Adjusted for age, sex, cohort, BMI, total cholesterol:HDL ratio, current lipid lowering treatment, increased blood pressure, current antihypertensive treatment, elevated fasting or non-fasting blood glucose, current antidiabetic treatment (oral or insulin), current use of NSAIDs, daily use of aspirin, current/previous smoking, alcohol use.

BMI, body mass index; HDL, high density lipoprotein; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; OA, osteoarthritis.