Table 3.
Baseline Demographic Characteristics by Added Sugar Consumption in the NGHS Cohort in Visits 1, 5, and 10
| Visit 1 | Visit 5 | Visit 10 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <10% Energy From Added Sugar (n=210) | ≥10% Energy From Added Sugar (n=1499) | <10% Energy From Added Sugar (n=169) | ≥10% Energy From Added Sugar (n=1317) | <10% Energy From Added Sugar (n=86) | ≥10% Energy From Added Sugar (n=732) | |||||||
| Mean or Number | (SD) or % | Mean or Number | (SD) or % | Mean or Number | (SD) or % | Mean or Number | (SD) or % | Mean or Number | (SD) or % | Mean or Number | (SD) or % | |
| Age, y | 10.0 | (0.6) | 10.0 | (0.6) | 14.0 | (0.6) | 14.0 | (0.6) | 18.9 | (0.6) | 18.9 | (0.6) |
| Physical activity score | 31.0 | (17.9) | 32.5 | (19.4) | 21.8 | (15.8) | 20.0 | (14.8) | 18.8 | (19.0) | 15.4 | (18.9) |
| BMI | 18.5 | (3.8) | 18.6 | (3.8) | 22.7 | (0.4) | 22.5 | (0.14) | 25.5 | (7.0) | 25.3 | (6.8) |
| Underweight (<5th percentile) | 7 | 3% | 52 | 3% | 3 | 2% | 17 | 1% | 2 | 2% | 17 | 2% |
| Normal (5th to <85th percentile) | 144 | 69% | 1031 | 69% | 109 | 65% | 892 | 68% | 58 | 67% | 494 | 67% |
| Overweight (85th to <95th) | 31 | 15% | 226 | 15% | 31 | 18% | 200 | 15% | 12 | 14% | 96 | 13% |
| Obese (≥95th percentile) | 28 | 13% | 190 | 13% | 26 | 15% | 208 | 16% | 14 | 16% | 125 | 17% |
| Race** | ||||||||||||
| African‐American | 90 | 43% | 716 | 48% | 54 | 32% | 700 | 53% | 26 | 30% | 350 | 48% |
| Caucasian | 120 | 57% | 783 | 52% | 115 | 68% | 617 | 47% | 60 | 70% | 382 | 52% |
| Smoking* | ||||||||||||
| Infrequent or non‐smoker | 209 | 99.5% | 1492 | 99.5% | 166 | 98% | 1300 | 99% | 62 | 72% | 623 | 85% |
| Current smoker (≥7 cigarettes/week) | 1 | 0.5% | 7 | 0.5% | 3 | 2% | 17 | 1% | 24 | 28% | 109 | 15% |
| Maturation stage | ||||||||||||
| Pre‐pubertal | 167 | 80% | 1201 | 80% | 4 | 2% | 17 | 1% | ||||
| Pubertal | 43 | 20% | 294 | 20% | 124 | 73% | 930 | 71% | ||||
| Post‐menarchal | 0 | 0% | 4 | 0% | 41 | 24% | 370 | 28% | ||||
| Parents' annual income** | ||||||||||||
| 0 to $9999 | 24 | 11% | 196 | 13% | 12 | 8% | 180 | 14% | 6 | 7% | 72 | 10% |
| $10 000 to $19 999 | 24 | 11% | 183 | 12% | 22 | 14% | 160 | 13% | 7 | 8% | 92 | 13% |
| $20 000 to $39 999 | 73 | 35% | 455 | 30% | 44 | 28% | 399 | 32% | 20 | 24% | 214 | 31% |
| $40 000+ | 77 | 37% | 590 | 39% | 82 | 51% | 512 | 41% | 51 | 61% | 317 | 45% |
| Parents' education | ||||||||||||
| High school or less | 41 | 20% | 333 | 22% | 26 | 15% | 294 | 22% | 9 | 10% | 139 | 19% |
| 1 to 3 years post high school | 93 | 44% | 577 | 38% | 66 | 39% | 529 | 40% | 30 | 35% | 266 | 36% |
| College graduate or higher | 76 | 36% | 589 | 39% | 77 | 46% | 494 | 37% | 47 | 55% | 326 | 45% |
| HDL by race | ||||||||||||
| Caucasian | 52.6 | (11.8) | 53.3 | (11.6) | 53.5 | (9.6) | 54.0 | (10.7) | 53.5 | (11.1) | 52.2 | (10.6) |
| African‐American | 55.1 | (12.4) | 55.5 | (13.7) | 55.6 | (10.6) | 57.7 | (12.1) | 58.6 | (15.2) | 55.7 | (12.5) |
| HDL by BMI category | ||||||||||||
| Underweight (<5th percentile) | 60.4 | (20.4) | 58.3 | (11.5) | 61.0 | (9.6) | 60.9 | (12.0) | 53.5 | (6.4) | 58.8 | (12.9) |
| Normal (5th to <85th percentile) | 55.3 | (11.5) | 55.8 | (12.4) | 55.7 | (9.2) | 57.3 | (11.5) | 55.9 | (13.4) | 55.5 | (11.6) |
| Overweight (85th to <95th percentile) | 49.2 | (11.0) | 52.0 | (12.4) | 52.6 | (9.6) | 55.1 | (11.0) | 53.5 | (13.5) | 51.6 | (10.5) |
| Obese (≥95th percentile) | 48.9 | (11.5) | 48.4 | (12.2) | 48.7 | (11.4) | 50.5 | (10.8) | 53.0 | (9.3) | 48.7 | (10.8) |
BMI indicates body mass index; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; NGHS, National Lung, Heart and Blood Institute's Growth and Health Study.
*
Eighty‐seven girls were missing parents' annual income.
*
Low and high sugar consumers significantly different at visit 5, P<0.05.
*
Low and high consumers significantly different at visit 10, P<0.05.