Table 2.

Co‐Variables Contribution to Atrial Fibrillation^*

Characteristic	Hazard Ratio	Confidence Interval	P Value
Age	1.041	1.039 to 1.043	<0.001
Male gender	0.949	0.906 to 0.983	<0.001
Medical Condition
Cerebral vascular disease	0.930	0.846 to 1.022	0.196
Pulmonary vascular disease	1.065	0.914 to 1.240	0.184
Cancer	0.975	0.836 to 1.137	0.855
Cardiac arrhythmias	1.532	1.408 to 1.667	<0.001
Acute renal failure	1.291	1.054 to 1.582	0.006
Chronic renal failure	1.282	1.027 to 1.512	0.002
Diabetes with complications	0.971	0.873 to 1.080	0.759
Pulmonary oedema	1.054	0.890 to 1.249	0.585
Shock	1.003	0.828 to 1.216	0.995
Peptic ulcer	1.102	0.949 to 1.280	0.199
Prescribed Drugs
Beta blocker	0.943	0.902 to 0.985	0.038
Ace‐inhibitor	1.027	0.987 to 1.070	0.011
Acetylsalicylacid	0.925	0.888 to 0.964	<0.001
Clopidogrel	0.889	0.844 to 0.936	0.001
Antidiabetic drugs	1.082	1.015 to 1.154	0.003
Loop diuretics	1.470	1.408 to 1.535	<0.001
Digitalis	2.867	0.851 to 0.935	<0.001
Statins	0.892	0.851 to 0.935	0.002

^*Based on results from propensity score from Cox multiple regression analysis.