Table 8.
Overall and Age‐, Sex‐, and Race/Ethnicity‐Specific Trends in Inhospital Mortality in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock Complicating STEMI
| Year | Overall | Age | Sex | Race/Ethnicity | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <75 Years | ≥75 Years | Male | Female | White | African American | Hispanic | Asian/Pacific Islander | ||
| Regression Model 1* | |||||||||
| 2003 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2004 | 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) | 0.94 (0.88 to 1.01) | 0.93 (0.86 to 1.01) | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.97) | 0.97 (0.89 to 1.05) | 0.94 (0.88 to 0.99) | 1.04 (0.84 to 1.28) | 0.80 (0.65 to 0.98) | 1.02 (0.72 to 1.43) |
| 2005 | 0.93 (0.89 to 0.98) | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.10) | 0.82 (0.75 to 0.89) | 0.93 (0.87 to 1.00) | 0.93 (0.86 to 1.01) | 0.94 (0.88 to 0.99) | 0.96 (0.75 to 1.21) | 0.94 (0.78 to 1.13) | 0.73 (0,52 to 1.02) |
| 2006 | 0.91 (0.87 to 0.96) | 0.93 (0.87 to 1.00) | 0.89 (0.82 to 0.97) | 0.90 (0.84 to 0.97) | 0.94 (0.86 to 1.02) | 0.95 (0.90 to 1.01) | 0.74 (0.59 to 0.92) | 0.79 (0.65 to 0.97) | 0.86 (0.62 to 1.20) |
| 2007 | 0.87 (0.82 to 0.92) | 0.94 (0.88 to 1.01) | 0.76 (0.70 to 0.82) | 0.86 (0.80 to 0.92) | 0.88 (0.81 to 0.96) | 0.89 (0.84 to 0.95) | 0.74 (0.60 to 0.92) | 1.12 (0.92 to 1.35) | 0.72 (0.51 to 1.01) |
| 2008 | 0.71 (0.67 to 0.74) | 0.75 (0.70 to 0.80) | 0.64 (0.59 to 0.70) | 0.72 (0.67 to 0.77) | 0.68 (0.63 to 0.74) | 0.72 (0.68 to 0.77) | 0.55 (0.44 to 0.68) | 0.86 (0.71 to 1.04) | 0.68 (0.49 to 0.95) |
| 2009 | 0.73 (0.69 to 0.77) | 0.80 (0.75 to 0.86) | 0.60 (0.56 to 0.66) | 0.73 (0.68 to 0.78) | 0.74 (0.68 to 0.80) | 0.76 (0.71 to 0.80) | 0.72 (0.57 to 0.89) | 0.71 (0.58 to 0.87) | 0.61 (0.44 to 0.85) |
| 2010 | 0.71 (0.68 to 0.75) | 0.77 (0.72 to 0.83) | 0.61 (0.56 to 0.66) | 0.77 (0.72 to 0.82) | 0.63 (0.58 to 0.69) | 0.72 (0.68 to 0.76) | 0.67 (0.54 to 0.83) | 0.94 (0.77 to 1.14) | 0.36 (0.26 to 0.51) |
| Regression Model 2* | |||||||||
| 2003 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2004 | 0.95 (0.90 to 1.00) | 0.96 (0.89 to 1.03) | 0.94 (0.87 to 1.02) | 0.92 (0.86 to 0.99) | 0.99 (0.91 to 1.07) | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.01) | 1.06 (0.86 to 1.32) | 0.83 (0.67 to 1.02) | 1.06 (0.75 to 1.50) |
| 2005 | 0.97 (0.92 to 1.02) | 1.05 (0.98 to 1.13) | 0.85 (0.79 to 0.93) | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.04) | 0.96 (0.89 to 1.04) | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.03) | 1.01 (0.80 to 1.28) | 1.00 (0.83 to 1.21) | 0.88 (0.63 to 1.25) |
| 2006 | 0.96 (0.91 to 1.02) | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.06) | 0.94 (0.86 to 1.02) | 0.95 (0.88 to 1.02) | 0.99 (0.91 to 1.08) | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.07) | 0.78 (0.62 to 0.97) | 0.86 (0.71 to 1.05) | 1.00 (0.71 to 1.40) |
| 2007 | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.98) | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.08) | 0.82 (0.75 to 0.89) | 0.92 (0.86 to 0.99) | 0.95 (0.88 to 1.04) | 0.96 (0.90 to 1.02) | 0.78 (0.63 to 0.96) | 1.27 (1.04 to 1.54) | 0.83 (0.58 to 1.17) |
| 2008 | 0.77 (0.73 to 0.81) | 0.80 (0.75 to 0.86) | 0.71 (0.66 to 0.78) | 0.79 (0.73 to 0.84) | 0.75 (0.69 to 0.81) | 0.79 (0.74 to 0.84) | 0.57 (0.46 to 0.70) | 0.97 (0.79 to 1.18) | 0.81 (0.58 to 1.13) |
| 2009 | 0.80 (0.76 to 0.85) | 0.88 (0.82 to 0.94) | 0.67 (0.62 to 0.73) | 0.80 (0.75 to 0.86) | 0.80 (0.74 to 0.87) | 0.83 (0.78 to 0.88) | 0.78 (0.62 to 0.97) | 0.83 (0.68 to 1.02) | 0.72 (0.52 to 1.00) |
| 2010 | 0.81 (0.77 to 0.85) | 0.86 (0.81 to 0.93) | 0.70 (0.64 to 0.77) | 0.87 (0.81 to 0.94) | 0.72 (0.66 to 0.78) | 0.81 (0.77 to 0.87) | 0.74 (0.60 to 0.91) | 1.11 (0.91 to 1.36) | 0.45 (0.32 to 0.64) |
Trends are expressed as adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for each year relative to 2003. STEMI indicates ST‐elevation myocardial infarction.
*
Adjusted for demographics (except sex and race/ethnicity for sex‐ and race/ethnicity‐specific trends, respectively), hospital characteristics, all comorbidities, and presentation.
*
Adjusted for demographics (except sex and race/ethnicity for sex‐ and race/ethnicity‐specific trends, respectively), hospital characteristics, all comorbidities, presentation, and early mechanical revascularization.