Table 2.
Summary Statistics for 1408 Heart Disease Patients by Death Status
| Alive (N=1333) | Deceased (N=75) | P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||||
| Categorical Variable | N (%) | N (%) | |||
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 473 (35.5) | 20 (26.7) | 0.152 | ||
| Male | 860 (64.5) | 55 (73.3) | |||
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | 55 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.115 | ||
| Non‐Hispanic | 1271 (95.9) | 75 (100.0) | |||
| Race | |||||
| Black | 85 (6.4) | 6 (8.0) | 0.474 | ||
| White/Caucasian | 1213 (91.3) | 69 (92.0) | |||
| Other | 31 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Continuous Variable | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | |
| Age, y | 1331 | 63.2 (12.7) | 75 | 69.5 (9.1) | <0.001 |
| Follow‐up, months | 1331 | 17.1 (10.7) | 75 | 9.7 (8.5) | <0.001 |
| Gb3, ng/mL | 1331 | 122.3 (87) | 75 | 187.2 (308.8) | <0.001 |
| AlphaGAL, mmol/L per hour | 1302 | 6 (3.9) | 74 | 6.2 (5) | 0.673 |
| Main Diagnosis | N (%) | N (%) | |||
| CAD | 859 (64.5) | 59 (78.7) | 0.017 | ||
| Cardiomyopathy | 117 (8.8) | 11 (14.7) | <0.001 | ||
| Valvular disease | 186 (14.0) | 12 (16.0) | 0.753 | ||
| Arrhythmia/conduction abn | 604 (45.4) | 39 (52.0) | 0.320 | ||
| Risk Factors | |||||
| Continuous Factors | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | |
| BMI | 1331 | 29.9 (6.8) | 75 | 28 (5.8) | 0.018 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 917 | 49.4 (15.1) | 59 | 39.5 (17.7) | <0.001 |
| eGFR*, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 1288 | 69.3 (25.5) | 74 | 53.2 (25.3) | <0.001 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 1079 | 45.4 (17.9) | 57 | 38.6 (12.5) | 0.005 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 1084 | 96.5 (35.5) | 58 | 92 (44.4) | 0.354 |
| Categorical Factors | N (%) | N (%) | |||
| Hypertension* | 1046 (78.6) | 66 (88.0) | 0.071 | ||
| Proteinuria | 130 (9.8) | 4 (5.3) | 0.281 | ||
| Diabetes | 191 (14.4) | 17 (22.7) | 0.073 | ||
| Onset < age 40 | 67 (5.0) | 1 (1.3) | 0.259 | ||
| Medications | N (%) | N (%) | |||
| ACE | 536 (40.3) | 31 (41.3) | 0.955 | ||
| ARB | 261 (19.6) | 20 (26.7) | 0.178 | ||
| Analgesic | 842 (63.4) | 50 (66.7) | 0.180 | ||
| Antihyperlidemic | 947 (71.3) | 55 (73.3) | 0.806 | ||
| Antiplatelet agent | 412 (31.0) | 28 (37.3) | 0.307 | ||
| β‐Blocker | 444 (33.4) | 23 (30.7) | 0.716 | ||
| Anticoagulant | 330 (24.8) | 28 (37.3) | 0.022 | ||
| Calcium channel block | 222 (16.7) | 13 (17.3) | 0.874 | ||
| Cardiac glycoside | 96 (7.2) | 14 (18.7) | <0.001 | ||
| Antiarrhythmics | 215 (16.2) | 22 (29.3) | 0.005 | ||
| Vasodilator | 196 (14.7) | 11 (14.7) | >0.999 | ||
| Diuretics | 280 (21.1) | 35 (46.7) | <0.001 | ||
| Potassium replacement | 197 (14.8) | 24 (32.0) | <0.001 | ||
ACE indicates angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD‐EPI, chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GAL, galactosidase; Gb3, globotriaosylceramide; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein.
*
Using CKD‐EPI formula.40
*
Whether history of hypertension or current diagnosis.