Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| N | Age year | Male % | Black % | CVD % | HT % | HC % | DM % | Smoking % | eGFR ml/min/1.73m2 | ACR mg/g | FU Year | ESRD n | AKI n | pCKD n | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General population cohorts with albumin-to-creatinine ratio data | 147 | 427 | 173 | ||||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||||||
| - ARIC | 11,408 | 62.8 | 44.2 | 22.2 | 8.6 | 47.6 | 34.5 | 16.7 | 14.9 | 82.5 | 3.7 | 8.0 | 92 | 363 | -- |
| - AusDiab | 11,240 | 51.5 | 44.9 | 0 | 8.3 | 32.7 | 70.6 | 8.4 | 15.5 | 78.9 | 4.9 | 5.0 | -- | -- | 72 |
| - CHS | 3,230 | 78.0 | 40.2 | 15.9 | 29.3 | 50.1 | 31.0 | 14.7 | 7.6 | 79.4 | 8.8 | 7.6 | -- | 64 | -- |
| - HUNT2 | 9,525 | 62.0 | 44.8 | 0 | 22.5 | 82.5 | 61.3 | 17.6 | 19.7 | 83.8 | 7.5 | 10.5 | 55 | -- | -- |
| - MESA | 6,728 | 62.2 | 47.2 | 27.5 | 0.0 | 44.8 | 9.0 | 12.6 | 13.0 | 81.2 | 5.3 | 4.7 | -- | 101 | |
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| General population cohorts with dipstick data | 713 | 3,438 | 4,624 | ||||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||||||
| - AKDN UDIP | 690,680 | 47.4 | 45.1 | NA | 1.8 | 20.2 | NA | 6.1 | NA | 80.9 | -- | 2.3 | 478 | 3,438 | 4,475 |
| - Beaver Dam | 4,926 | 62.0 | 43.9 | 0 | 14.8 | 50.5 | 53.9 | 10.3 | 19.7 | 76.2 | -- | 11.6 | -- | -- | 149 |
| - Okinawa 83 | 6,659 | 51.9 | 39.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3.8 | NA | 73.9 | -- | 16.8 | 61 | -- | -- |
| - Okinawa 93 | 93,234 | 54.6 | 43.6 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4.7 | NA | 77.3 | -- | 6.9 | 174 | -- | -- |
|
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| High risk cohorts with albumin-to-creatinine ratio data | 762 | 1,074 | 4,935 | ||||||||||||
|
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| - ADVANCE | 11,140 | 65.8 | 57.5 | NA | 32.2 | 82.2 | 33.0 | 100 | 15.1 | 78.2 | 15.9 | 4.8 | 59 | -- | 822 |
| - AKDN ACR | 67,406 | 55.5 | 56.8 | NA | 5.0 | 46.8 | NA | 49.0 | NA | 76.8 | 11.1 | 2.3 | 191 | 1,013 | 1,572 |
| - ONTARGET | 25,620 | 66.4 | 73.3 | 2.5 | 92 | NA* | NA* | 37.5 | 12.6 | 73.6 | 52.2 | 4.5 | 184 | 61 | 1,914 |
| - Pima | 6,341 | 26.4 | 45.4 | 0 | NA | 12.9 | 4.2 | 20.4 | 27.8 | 144 | 11.9 | 13.5 | 328 | -- | 273 |
| - TRANSCEND | 5,926 | 66.9 | 57 | 1.8 | 92.5 | NA* | NA* | 35.7 | 9.8 | 71.7 | 25.3 | 4.6 | -- | -- | 354 |
|
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| High risk cohorts with dipstick data | 579 | -- | 1,412 | ||||||||||||
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| - CARE | 4,098 | 58.6 | 87.2 | 3.2 | 100 | 82.9 | 79.0 | 14.2 | 16.1 | 71.9 | -- | 4.8 | -- | -- | 124 |
| - Hawaii | 40,210 | 59.0 | 50.4 | NA | 17.0 | NA | NA | 48.0 | 13.6 | 71.5 | -- | 2.4 | 331 | -- | 1,288 |
| - MR FIT | 12,851 | 46.2 | 100 | 31.3 | 0.0 | 62.3 | 57.1 | 3.1 | 63.7 | 79.7 | -- | 21.6 | 248 | -- | -- |
Abbreviations are: HT, hypertension; HC, hypercholesterolemia; DM, diabetes mellitus; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR, albumin:creatinine ratio; FU, duration of follow-up; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; pCKD, progressive chronic kidney disease; AKI, acute kidney injury.
*
, NA* in ONTARGET and TRANSCEND respectively, a history of hypertension was reported by 69% and 76%, and statin use by 62% and 55%.