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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biotechnol Adv. 2014 Jan 10;32(2):462–484. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.12.012

Table 1.

Methods for tissue-derived and cell-derived bone ECM

Tissue Type Decellularization Method Sterilization Cell Repopulation References
Bone Tissue
Bovine trabecular bone from carpometacarpal joint

  1. 0.5% SDS for 24 hrs at room temperature

  2. DNase + RNase for 3 hrs at 37°C

 70% Ethanol Human ASC [35]
Porcine femur (Compact bone) & costa (Cancellous bone)

  1. Hydrostatically pressurized at 980 MPa at 30°C for 10 min using a cold isostatic pressurization

  2. DNase at 37°C for 3 wks

 80% Ethanol Rat bone marrow-derived MSC [63]
Bovine trabecular bone from wrists

  1. 0.5% SDS for 24 hrs

  2. DNase + RNase for 6 hrs at 37°C

 Ethanol Human ESC (Cell line H9) [67]
Bovine trabecular bone from carpometacarpal joint

  1. 0.5% SDS for 24 hrs at room temperature

  2. DNase + RNase for 3–6 hrs at 37°C

 70% Ethanol Human ESC (Cell line H9) [68]
[75]
Cell-Derived Bone Matrix
Rat femoral and tibial bone marrow-derived MSC cultured on titanium fiber mesh scaffolds Three freeze/thaw cycles Unspecified Rat bone marrow-derived MSC [50]
[79]
Rat osteoblasts and dermal fibroblasts cultured on synthetic hydroxapatite microparticles 0.5% Triton X-100 for 3 min at 37°C Unspecified None [85]
Rat bone marrow-derived MSC cultured on PCL scaffold

  1. Three freeze/thaw cycles

  2. Ultrasonication for 10 min

 Ethylene oxide Rat bone marrow-derived MSC [82]
Mouse bone marrow-derived MSC 0.5% Triton X-100 for 5 min at 37°C Unspecified Mouse bone marrow-derived MSC [83]

Key: MSC=Mesenchymal stem cell, ASC= Adipose derived stem cell, ESC= Embryonic stem cell, SDS=Sodium dodecyl sulfate, PCL = Polycaprolactone