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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biotechnol Adv. 2014 Jan 10;32(2):462–484. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.12.012

Table 4.

Methods for tissue-derived tendon and ligament ECM

Tissue Type Decellularization Method Sterilization Cell Repopulation References
Tendon & Ligament Tissue
Rat tail tendons

  1. 1% SDS or 1% TnBP for 24 hrs (SDS) or 48 hrs (TnBP) at room temperature

 70% Ethanol None [247]
Central tendons of porcine diaphragms 1% (v/v) TnBP for 24 hrs at room temperature 70% Ethanol L929 mouse fibroblast cells [139]
Porcine patella tendons

  1. 0.1% SDS for 24 hrs at room temperature

  2. DNase and RNase for 3 hrs at 37°C

 0.1% Peracetic acid Human tenocytes [234]
Canine infraspinatus tendons

  1. Five cycles of freeze/thaw

  2. Nuclease solution from bovine pancreas for 12 hrs at 37°C

 Unspecified Canine bone marrow-derived MSC [235]
Human flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus tendons 0.1% SDS for 24 hrs Unspecified Human dermal fibroblasts [249]
Human flexor digitorum profundus tendons

  1. 0.1% SDS for 24 hrs at room temperature

  2. 5% Peracetic acid for 6 hrs at room temperature

 Unspecified None [250]
Laprine semitendinosus tendons 1% SDS for 24 hrs 70% Ethanol Laprine dermal fibroblasts [226]
Porcine anterior cruciate ligaments

  1. 0.25% Triton X-100 + 0.25% sodium deoxycholate 24 hrs at 37°C

  2. DNase and RNase for 24 hrs at 37°C

 Unspecified Human anterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts [232]
Porcine bone-anterior cruciate ligament-bone 1% Triton X-100 Unspecified None [94]
[228]
Bovine anterior cruciate ligaments 0.25% Triton X-100 + 0.25% Sodium deoxycholate for 24 hrs at 37°C Unspecified None [253]

Key: MSC=Mensenchymal stem cell, SDS=Sodium dodecyl sulfate, TnBP=Tri(n-butyl)phosphate, v/v= volume/volume,