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. 2004 Mar 18;101(16):5799–5804. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0307620101

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

Quadrants rule: schematic representations of the steric hindrance created by phosphorus substituents (ax, pseudoaxial position; eq, pseudoequatorial position). (Left) Front view of (S)-SYNPHOS ligand. (Right) General top view of atropisomeric diphosphines. Pseudoaxial phenyl groups are omitted for clarity.