Table 1.
Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and Behavioral Performance
| Healthy Controls (N = 30) | Bipolar Patients (N = 57) | Schizophrenia Patients (N = 30) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Mean/SD) | 40.6 (10.1) | 44.9 (10.4) | 45.3 (9.4) |
| Gender (% Male) | 63.3% | 56.9% | 65.6% |
| Personal Education (Mean/SD)* | 14.8 (1.6) | 14.1 (2.1) | 12.7 (3.4) |
| Parental Education (Mean/SD) | 13.6 (2.7) | 13.4 (3.0) | 12.8 (3.6) |
| BPRS Total (Mean/SD)+ | --------- | 33.6 (7.3) | 40.5 (9.2) |
| Positive+ | --------- | 1.13 (0.20) | 2.02 (0.96) |
| Negative+ | --------- | 1.22 (0.45) | 1.79 (0.93) |
| Depression/Anxiety | --------- | 2.11 (0.89) | 1.90 (0.63) |
| Agitation/Mania | --------- | 1.20 (0.36) | 1.14 (0.30) |
| HDRS Total (Mean/SD) | --------- | 9.1 (7.5) | --------- |
| YMRS Total (Mean/SD) | --------- | 3.5 (3.9) | --------- |
| Emotion Identification** | 59.8 (5.4) | 57.4 (5.9) | 53.0 (7.6) |
| Gender Identification | 71.2 (1.0) | 71.3 (1.2) | 70.7 (1.6) |
| Building Identification | 65.4 (4.3) | 66.7 (2.4) | 65.0 (5.1) |
BPRS = Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; HDRS = Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; YMRS = Young Mania Rating Scale.
*
Schizophrenia patients significantly lower in personal education compared to healthy controls and bipolar patients, p < 0.05.
+
Schizophrenia patients significantly higher than bipolar patients, p < 0.05.
**
Schizophrenia patients significantly lower in emotion identification performance compared to healthy controls and bipolar patients.