Table 3.

Relationship of state revenue, federal subsidies and programs, and legal challenges as well as socioeconomic, demographic and political factors to state foster care maintenance rates from 1994 to 2008.

	Univariate	Multivariate						Fixed effects only
Foster care maintenance rates for 2 year-olds
Unemployment	−9.27	−7.35					−6.09
% Minority children	−0.32	1.77					5.85
Poverty rate	−3.80	−1.82					−3.58
Urbanicity	−10.82*	−10.82					−11.23
Partial Republican Control of State Government	−17.44		−47.63*				−46.94
Republican Controlled State Government	−20.77		−62.79*				−68.20*
Log real per foster child Title IV B funding	−13.93			−24.36			−11.75
Log real per foster child Title IV E funding	4.60			10.44			9.92
TANF*FMAP	0.38*			0.47**			0.44**
Share of state population on TANF	13.66			11.45			10.81
Real per capita tax revenue	9.37			19.82			17.31
CFSR Complete	−1.50				−1.12		10.13
1st Title IVE eligibility review	0.30				1.99		−0.41
2nd Title IVE eligibility review	2.68				3.21		7.64
Lawsuit filed	−22.74					−24.85	−22.41
Settlement reached	−16.19					2.80	4.58
State fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Year fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Constant		955.89***	435.54***	210.27***	380.01***	385.68***	805.12**	377.68***	380.26***
Observations	213	213	213	213	213	213	213	213	213
Adjusted R-squared	(0.704–0.774)	0.787	0.801	0.793	0.780	0.784	0.811	0.781	0.784
Foster care maintenance rates for 9 year-olds
Unemployment	−9.98	−9.07					−7.92
% Minority children	0.34	1.97					6.06
Poverty rate	−2.66	−0.44					−2.13
Urbanicity	−10.28*	−10.79					−11.32
Partial Republican Control of State Government	−20.19		−50.61*				−50.39
Republican Controlled State Government	−18.64		−63.28				−67.78
Log real per foster child Title IV B funding	−12.56			−19.45			−7.72
Log real per foster child Title IV E funding	0.82			5.00			4.19
TANF*FMAP	0.33*			0.42**			0.39**
Share of state population on TANF	13.73			12.27			12.17
Real per capita tax revenue	12.28			22.07			19.47
CFSR complete	−0.69				−0.53		10.57
1st Title IVE eligibility review	−3.32				−1.08		−3.74
2nd Title IVE eligibility review	4.45				4.14		8.02
Lawsuit filed	−14.14					−19.74	−19.06
Settlement reached	−7.62					7.47	10.25
State fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Year fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Constant		960.15***	468.18***	244.80***	412.45***	414.75***	827.48**	405.91***	411.59***
Observations	213	213	213	213	213	213	213	213	213
Adjusted R-squared	(0.659–0.694)	0.704	0.723	0.708	0.695	0.699	0.727	0.697	0.701
Foster care maintenance rates for 16 year-olds
Unemployment	−12.60	−12.62					−10.89
% Minority children	0.64	1.68					5.21
Poverty rate	−2.08	0.72					−0.72
Urbanicity	−9.58	−10.30					−9.53
Partial Republican Control of State Government	−27.44		−60.35**				−62.29*
Republican Controlled State Government	−15.23		−68.47*				−76.31*
Log real per foster child Title IV B funding	−16.31			−31.01			−22.96
Log real per foster child Title IV E funding	8.26			16.36			15.45
TANF*FMAP	0.37*			0.49**			0.43**
Share of state population on TANF	8.99			6.22			4.83
Real per capita tax revenue	12.38			22.24			18.22
CFSR complete	−0.68				−0.32		13.91
1st Title IVE eligibility review	0.21				1.91		−3.25
2nd Title IVE eligibility review	2.61				3.13		6.73
Lawsuit filed	−13.47					−19.05	−18.18
Settlement reached	−7.12					7.44	8.59
State fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Year fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Constant		945.73**	485.04***	227.76**	420.99***	424.92***	748.93*	420.03***	421.92***
Observations	213	213	213	213	213	213	213	213	213
Adjusted R-squared	(0.659–0.691)	0.687	0.712	0.692	0.678	0.682	0.716	0.664	0.684

^*p < 0.1,

^**p < 0.05, and

^***p < 0.01.