Table 4.
Sign and binomial test and 95% confidence interval to determine if those sharks, who did not reach the learning criterion within 30 sessions for single size pairs (Experiment 3a) or the Müller-Lyer deception (Experiment 3b) chose the positive (rewarded) stimulus significantly more often than the negative (unrewarded) stimulus.
| Subject | Task | No. of sessions | No. of successful trials | One-tail p-value | Two-tail p-value | The 95% confidence interval extends from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shark 4 | Size ratio 6–3 cm | 30 | 126 | 0.003** | 0.007* | 0.3655–0.476 |
| Shark 9 | Size ratio 6–3 cm | 30 | 134 | 0.037* | 0.073 | 0.391–0.503 |
| Shark 2 | Size ratio 6–5 cm | 30 | 138 | 0.092 | 0.184 | 0.404–0.517 |
| Shark 6 | Size ratio 6–5 cm | 30 | 122 | ≤0.001*** | 0.002** | 0 353–0.463 |
| Shark 8 | Size ratio 6–5 cm | 30 | 135 | 0.047* | 0.094 | 0.375–0.507 |
| Shark 3 | Size ratio 6–5.5 cm | 30 | 141 | 0.163 | 0.326 | 0.414–0.526 |
| Shark 5 | Size ratio 6–5.5 cm | 30 | 142 | 0.386 | 0.386 | 0.417–0.529 |
| Shark 7 | Size ratio 6–5.5 cm | 30 | 137 | 0.074 | 0.149 | 0.421–0.533 |
| Shark 2 | Müller-Lyer deception | 30 | 143 | 0.226 | 0.453 | 0.421–0.533 |
| Shark 9 | Müller-Lyer deception | 30 | 135 | 0.047* | 0.094 | 0.375–0.507 |
p > 0.05 not significant,
(*)
p ≤ 0.05 significant
(**)
p ≤ 0.01 significant
(***)
p ≤ 0.001 significant.