| Subject# | Experiment 3a | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sessions to reach learning criterion | Average trial time [s] per regular training trial during training (Tr) and transfer (Tr5) | “Left” vs. “right” choices during transfers (T5) | Sign and binomial test on side preferences during transfers (T5) | The 95% confidence interval extends from | Average trial time [s] per transfer trial (T5) | Mann-Whitney-U test on time differences (training (Tr5) ↔ transfers (T5) | ||
| Tr | Tr5 | |||||||
| 6 vs. 3 cm | ||||||||
| Shark 2 | 9 | 6.69 ± 1.30 s | 6.74 ± 1.727 s | 7: 3 | One-tail p = 0.172 | 0.392–0.897 | 5.80 ± 1.549 s | Z = 1.116 p = 0.265 |
| Two-tail p = 0.344 | ||||||||
| Shark 3 | 7 | 9.17 ± 9.17 s | 7.54 ± 6.00 s | 6: 4 | One-tail p = 0.377 | 0.312–0.833 | 6.00 ± 1.49 s | Z = 1.923 p = 0.055 |
| Two-tail p = 0.754 | ||||||||
| Shark 5 | 4 | 6.96 ± 0.98 s | 9.82 ± 6.90 s | 8: 2 | One-tail p = 0.055 | 0.479–0.954 | 6.90 ± 4.82 s | Z = 1.671 p = 0.095 |
| Two-tail p = 0.109 | ||||||||
| Shark 6 | 3 | 7.47 ± 1.45 s | 6.74 ± 1.24 s | 10: 0 | One-tail p = 0.001*** | 0.679–1.000 | 4.80 ± 1.55 s | Z = 2.301 p = 0.022* |
| Two-tail p = 0.002** | ||||||||
| Shark 7 | 3 | 7.83 ± 0.32 s | 11.98 ± 5.96 s | 6: 4 | One-tail p = 0.377 | 0.312–0.833 | 7.80 ± 3.19 s | Z = 1.671 p = 0.095 |
| Two-tail p = 0.754 | ||||||||
| Shark 8 | 11 | 6.34 ± 0.71 s | 6.02 ± 0.72 s | 4: 6 | One-tail p = 0.377 | 0.167–0.688 | 6.20 ± 2.25 s | Z = −0.616 p = 0.538 |
| Two-tail p = 0.754 | ||||||||
| Group | 6.17 ± 3.37 | 7.20 ± 1.44 s | 8.14 ± 3.85 s | 41: 19 | One-tail p = 0.003** | 0.557–0.787 | 6.25 ± 2.79 s | Z = 4.001 p ≤ 0.001*** |
| Two-tail p = 0.006** | ||||||||
| 6 vs. 4 cm | ||||||||
| Shark 2 | 8 | 6.20 ± 0.99 s | 7.43 ± 1.42 s | 7: 3 | One-tail p = 0.172 | 0.392–0.897 | 5.30 ± 0.95 s | Z = 2.485 p = 0.013* |
| Two-tail p = 0.344 | ||||||||
| Shark 3 | 3 | 8.53 ± 0.85 s | 8.90 ± 2.50 s | 7: 3 | One-tail p = 0.172 | 0 392–0.897 | 7.30 ± 2.71 s | Z = 1.421 p = 0.155 |
| Two-tail p = 0.344 | ||||||||
| Shark 5 | 3 | 8.13 ± 0.61 s | 7.50 ± 1.10 s | 10: 0 | One-tail p = 0.001*** | 0.679–1.000 | 5.20 ± 0.79 s | Z = 2.561 p = 0.010** |
| Two-tail p = 0.002** | ||||||||
| Shark 6 | 4 | 6.85 ± 0.33 s | 7.40 ± 0.95 s | 6: 4 | One-tail p = 0.377 | 0.312–0.833 | 7.50 ± 3.57 s | Z = 0.928 p = 0.353 |
| Two-tail p = 0.754 | ||||||||
| Shark 7 | 5 | 8.66 ± 1.42 s | 8.86 ± 2.02 s | 8: 2 | One-tail p = 0.055 | 0.479–0.954 | 7.60 ± 2.63 s | Z = 1.174 p = 0.240 |
| Two-tail p = 0.109 | ||||||||
| Shark 8 | 9 | 7.61 ± 2.58 s | 7.46 ± 1.92 s | 4: 6 | One-tail p = 0.377 | 0.167–0.688 | 6.40 ± 2.42 s | Z = 0.553 p = 0.580 |
| Two-tail p = 0.754 | ||||||||
| Group | 5.33 ± 2.52 | 7.46 ± 1.99 s | 7.84 ± 1.75 s | 42: 18 | One-tail p = 0.001*** | 0.574–0.802 | 6.55 ± 2.50 s | Z = 3.703 p ≤ 0.001*** |
| Two-tail p = 0.002** | ||||||||
| 6 vs. 5 cm | ||||||||
| Shark 3 | 3 | 8.23 ± 2.35 s | 8.46 ± 2.45 s | 7: 3 | One-tail p = 0.172 | 0.392–0.897 | 11.80 ± 11.60 s | Z = 0.442 p = 0.658 |
| Two-tail p = 0.344 | ||||||||
| Shark 5 | 3 | 7.00 ± 0.84 s | 7.74 ± 1.85 s | 10: 0 | One-tail p = 0.001*** | 0.679–1.000 | 5.10 ± 2.51 s | Z = 2.517 p = 0.012* |
| Two-tail p = 0.002** | ||||||||
| Shark 7 | 5 | 6.36 ± 0.82 s | 8.30 ± 1.54 s | 9: 1 | One-tail p = 0.012** | 0 574–>0.999 | 6.30 ± 2.41 s | Z = 1.924 p = 0.054 |
| Two-tail p = 0.002** | ||||||||
| Group | 3.67 ± 1.16 | 6.90 ± 1.35 s | 8.20 ± 1.95 s | 26: 4 | One-tail p ≤ 0.001*** | 0.697–0.953 | 7.73 ± 7.37 s | Z = 3.053 p = 0.002** |
| Two-tail p = 0.001*** | ||||||||
p > 0.05 not significant,
(*)
p ≤ 0.05 significant
(**)
p ≤ 0.01 significant
(***)
p ≤ 0.001 significant.
#
Results are only shown for those individuals, who reached the learning criterion within 30 training sessions. Accordingly, group results refer only to these individuals.