FIG. 4.

Estrone treatment after TBI decreases the number of apoptotic bodies in the cortex. The placebo group had greater DNA damage compared to the control and sham groups (A). Compared to the placebo group, estrone significantly (p<0.0001) lowered DNA damage (B). One-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post-hoc test was used to determine if the observations were significantly different (n=8 for non-injured controls, 8 for shams, 16 for placebo, and 14 for estrone; TBI, traumatic brain injury; DAPI, 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole).