The levels of TUNEL-positive cells are decreased in the corpus callosum after TBI in the presence of estrone. In the estrone-treated group there was a decrease in TUNEL staining compared to the placebo group (A). This decrease was significant (B; p<0.03), and only observed in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post-hoc test was used to determine if the observations were significantly different (n=8 for non-injured controls, 8 for shams, 16 for placebo, and 14 for estrone; TBI, traumatic brain injury; DAPI, 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole).