FIG. 3.

Advance of BER study. Above the time line shown are the major BER reports that impacted the study field. Selected DNA repair studies other than BER are shown below the timeline as a perspective. Impact of base damage: (81); PARP and DNA ligase: (34); 8-OH-G discovery: (73); APE1 cloning: (38, 108, 117); MPG cloning: (27, 114); BER reconstitution: (119, 120); BER ko mice: (52, 121, 146); PTM of BER: (14, 22, 47, 55, 56, 148); BER and hypermutability: (74); cancer resistance: (17); demethylation: (32, 33, 54). APE1, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1; PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; PTM, posttranslational modification; 8-OH-G, 8-hydroxyguanine; ko, knockout.