Table 1.

Studies providing evidence for natural hybridization in animal parasites. Types of data used to infer hybridization include: experimental infections (EI), parental taxa specific markers (PT-SM), nuclear-mitochondrial discordance (NMD), model-based Bayesian clustering inference (BC). We only included EI-based studies if there was also evidence of hybridization in nature stemming from PT-SM, NMD, or BC data.

Hybridizing taxa	EI	PT-SM	NMD	BC
Human and pig associated Ascaris populations (Nematoda)		88	89	39
Contracaecum populations I and II (Nematoda)		90
Paramacropostrongylus ingalis and P. typicus (Nematoda)		91
Parascaris univalense and P. equorum (Nematoda)		92
Pseudoterranova decipiens sp. A and B (Nematoda)		93
Host-associated Gyrodactylus salaris populations (Platyhelminthes)		77, 94
Diplostomum cryptic species (Platyhelminthes)		82	82
Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica (Platyhelminthes)		95, 96	32, 97-99
Paragonimus westermani species complex (Platyhelminthes)		100, 101	102
Schistosoma mattheei and S. haematobium (Platyhelminthes)	36	36, 103
Schistosoma bovis and S. curassoni (Platyhelminthes)	33	33
Schistosoma bovis and S. haematobium (Platyhelminthes)	104		105
Schistosoma haematobium and S. guineensis (Platyhelminthes)	74,75	73,74,75
Schistosoma mansoni and S. rodhaini (Platyhelminthes)	71, 104, 106		38, 45	38
Strains of Echinococcus granulosus (Platyhelminthes)			107
Taenia saginata and T. asiatica (Platyhelminthes)			37
Leishmania braziliensis and L. peruviana in subgenus Viannia (Euglenozoa)	67	53, 55
Leishmania braziliensis and L. panamensis in subgenus Viannia (Euglenozoa)		108
Leishmania naiffi and L. lainsoni in subgenus Viannia (Euglenozoa)		109
Leishmania infantum strains in subgenus Leishmania (Euglenozoa)		110, 111		110, 111
Leishmania donovani strains in subgenus Leishmania (Euglenozoa)		112
Leishmania infantum and L. major in subgenus Leishmania (Euglenozoa)	68	54
Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units (DTUs)/lineages	60	52, 57-59, 112-115	113