Figure 1. The summary of androgen-AR roles in the development of 4 immune cell types including neutrophils, macrophages, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes.

This cartoon describes the roles of androgen/AR signaling during the development of these immune cell types as deduced from phenotypic observations of the ARKO mice indicated in the figure. The potential AR downstream regulatory molecules or mechanisms in these 4 immune cell types are also illustrated.