Table 3.
Risk of neuroblastoma with one interquartile increase in air toxic exposure during the pregnancy period, at 5K and 2.5K radii around air pollution monitors a
| 5 kilometers | 2.5 kilometers | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air toxic | N cases/ controls |
Model 1 OR |
Model 2 OR (95% CI) |
N cases/ controls |
Model 1 OR |
Model 2 OR (95% CI) |
|
Traffic-related and
other correlated pollutants |
||||||
| Ortho-xylene | 59/11554 | 1.18 | 1.30 (0.87, 1.95) | 20/3499 | 0.84 | 0.88 (0.39, 1.96) |
| Toluene | 59/11612 | 1.22 | 1.35 (0.89, 2.04) | 20/3532 | 0.78 | 0.82 (0.35, 1.90) |
| 1,3-Butadiene | 74/13110 | 0.95 | 1.06 (0.70, 1.62) | 23/3987 | 1.21 | 1.27 (0.60, 2.68) |
| Ethyl Benzene | 58/11122 | 1.01 | 1.09 (0.78, 1.51) | 19/3353 | 0.78 | 0.81 (0.40, 1.62) |
| Benzene | 74/13115 | 1.21 | 1.36 (0.82, 2.25) | 23/3988 | 1.24 | 1.32 (0.52, 3.37) |
| Meta/para-xylene | 43/7904 | 0.84 | 0.87 (0.58, 1.33) | 16/2426 | 0.94 | 0.94 (0.50, 1.78) |
| Styrene | 48/9718 | 1.13 | 1.22 (0.84, 1.78) | 15/2940 | 0.95 | 1.00 (0.46, 2.18) |
| Lead | 51/9679 | 1.04 | 1.10 (0.79, 1.52) | 16/2924 | 1.17 | 1.13 (0.62, 2.05) |
| Perchloroethylene | 67/12041 | 1.02 | 1.06 (0.84, 1.33) | 21/3635 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.62, 1.64) |
|
Polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) |
||||||
| Total PAHs | 49/10142 | 1.13 | 1.12 (0.86, 1.46) | 18/3135 | 1.40 | 1.39 (1.01, 1.91) |
| Benzo(k)fluoranthene | 56/10676 | 1.14 | 1.13 (0.96, 1.33) | 20/3296 | 1.18 | 1.18 (0.91, 1.51) |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | 56/10676 | 1.15 | 1.13 (0.98, 1.31) | 20/3296 | 1.16 | 1.15 (0.91, 1.46) |
| Benzo(b)fluoranthene | 56/10676 | 1.13 | 1.12 (0.93, 1.35) | 20/3296 | 1.20 | 1.19 (0.91, 1.58) |
| Indeno(1,2,3- cd)pyrene |
49/10142 | 1.16 | 1.15 (0.90, 1.47) | 18/3135 | 1.40 | 1.39 (1.05, 1.84) |
| Dibenz(a,h)anthracene | 49/10142 | 1.08 | 1.08 (1.01, 1.14) | 18/3135 | 1.11 | 1.11 (1.03, 1.20) |
| Benzo(g,h,i)perylene | 49/10142 | 0.98 | 1.02 (0.66, 1.58) | 18/3135 | 1.62 | 1.62 (0.84, 3.13) |
| Other air toxics | ||||||
| Ortho-dichlorobenzene | 53/10175 | 1.08 | 1.21 (0.62, 2.37) | 17/3065 | 0.44 | 0.45 (0.12, 1.67) |
| Para-dichlorobenzene | 53/10213 | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.80, 1.37) | 17/3083 | 0.76 | 0.77 (0.40, 1.52) |
| Trichloroethylene | 67/12086 | 0.95 | 0.98 (0.87, 1.10) | 21/3639 | 1.03 | 1.05 (0.88, 1.26) |
| Carbon tetrachloride | 40/7443 | 2.55 | 2.65 (1.07, 6.53) | 12/2245 | 7.90 | 7.87 (1.37, 45.34) |
| Formaldehyde | 67/12105 | 0.86 | 0.91 (0.67, 1.23) | 19/3625 | 0.91 | 0.92 (0.52, 1.63) |
| Selenium | 44/9288 | 0.86 | 0.88 (0.61, 1.28) | 14/2807 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.50, 1.80) |
| Chloroform | 69/12257 | 1.11 | 1.12 (0.86, 1.47) | 22/3693 | 1.29 | 1.27 (0.82, 1.96) |
| Chromium (total) | 52/9727 | 1.01 | 1.06 (0.75, 1.49) | 16/2943 | 0.80 | 0.77 (0.37, 1.58) |
| Hexavalent | ||||||
| chromium | 35/8237 | 1.34 | 1.32 (1.00,1.75) | 9/2468 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.25, 4.00) |
| Acetaldehyde | 67/12105 | 1.15 | 1.22 (0.87, 1.73) | 19/3625 | 1.36 | 1.37 (0.72, 2.63) |
| Nickel | 52/9730 | 0.97 | 1.08 (0.71, 1.66) | 16/2944 | 0.73 | 0.67 (0.29, 1.56) |
a
Model 1 adjusts for birth year (matching variable). Model 2 adjusts for birth year, mother’s age, mother’s race/ethnicity, and the method of payment for prenatal care