(A) Molecular configuration of protonated and non-protonated forms of pH sensitive spin probe R-SG: 2-(4-((2-(4-Amino-4-carboxybutanamido)-3-(carboxymethylamino)-3-oxoproylthio)methyl)phenyl)-4-pyrrolidino-2,5,5-triethyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl (this compound is abbreviated as R-SG). (B) pH dependent spectra of R-SG. Hyperfine coupling constant (HFC), defined as half the distance between first and third spectra, varies according local pH.