Table 1.

Changing Lives of Older Couples Study Widowed Sample Descriptives (Weighted N = 89).

Variable	n	%	Range	Mean	SD
Age in years (at baseline)			49–87	69.93	7.85
Female	65	73.0
White race	76	84.7
Education
Total years			3–17	11.29	2.73
Less than high school	39	44.2
High school	25	28.4
Some college	16	17.6
College or greater	9	9.8
Income (natural log of the midpoint)			7.82–11.29	9.72	0.80
High religious participation (wave 1)	61	68.0
High religious beliefs (wave 1)	80	89.6
Positive support from friends and relatives (wave 1)			0–4	2.75	1.04
Positive support from children (wave 1)	(n=85)		0–4	3.31	0.79
Instrumental support (wave 1)			0–3	2.00	0.81
Close network size (wave 1)			0–6	2.12	1.82
Attachment anxiety (baseline)			0–3	1.52	0.88
Emotional distress
Anxiety severity (wave 1)			10–31	14.46	4.87
Depression severity (wave 1)			9–27	15.29	3.56
Grief severity (wave 1)			24–74	48.37	10.98
Complicated grief or depression at wave 1
Of those with wave 1 data (n = 89)
Depression positive only (wave 1)	12	13.5
Complicated grief positive only (wave 1)	50	56.2
Positive for both complicated grief and depression (wave 1)	27	30.3
Complicated grief or depression at wave 2
Of those with wave 2 data (n = 65)
Depression positive only (wave 2)	11	16.9
Complicated grief positive only (wave 2)	18	27.7
Positive for both complicated grief and depression (wave 2)	5	7.7
Neither condition at wave 2	31	47.7
Service use (of total, n = 89)
No support sought	36	40.4
Support sought (of support seekers, n = 53)	53	59.6
Religious leadera	24	45.3
Self-help or support groupb	13	24.5
Family doctorc	40	75.5

^aSeven sought religious leader support alone and 17 sought religious leader support in combination with support group and/or family doctor support.

^bFive sought support group support alone and 8 sought support group support in combination with religious leader and/or family doctor support.

^cTwenty-one sought family doctor support alone and 19 sought family doctor support in combination with religious leader and/or support group support.