Table 3.
Weighted Least Squares Regressions Predicting the Effect of Bereavement Service Use Reported at 6 Month Follow-up on Depressive, Anxiety, and Grief Symptoms at 18-Month Follow-Up.
| Variable | Anxiety at Wave 2
|
Depression at Wave 2
|
Grief at Wave 2
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | |
| Bereavement service use | ||||||
| Went to support group up to wave 1 (n = 13) | −4.570 | [−13.801, 4.662] | −1.612 | [−8.102, 4.878] | −8.463* | [−16.543, −0.383] |
| Went to religious leader up to wave 1 (n = 24) | −1.778 | [−7.409, 3.853] | −10.121** | [−14.512, −5.730] | −1.516 | [−7.628, 4.596] |
| Went to family doctor up to wave 1 (n = 40) | −2.468 | [−8.792, 3.856] | 3.396 | [−0.980, 7.772] | 3.927 | [−1.547, 9.401] |
| Confounding variables | ||||||
| Anxiety severity at wave 1 | 0.185 | [−0.053, 0.423] | −0.010 | [−0.129, 0.108] | −0.129 | [−0.315, 0.0573] |
| Grief severity at wave 1 | 0.251† | [−0.043, 0.546] | 0.159 | [−0.050, 0.369] | 0.577** | [0.294, 0.859] |
| Depression severity at wave 1 | 0.186 | [−.069, 0.441] | 0.289* | [0.063, 0.515] | −0.034 | [−0.274, 0.206] |
| Control variables | ||||||
| Male | −8.916** | [−14.428, 3.404] | −5.674* | [−10.526, −0.823] | −5.568† | [−11.426, 0.290] |
| Non-white Race | 2.945 | [−2.880, 8.770] | 3.930 | [−3.202, 11.062] | 1.019 | [−7.536, 9.575] |
| Education | 0.673 | [−1.726, 3.072] | −1.468 | [−3.531, 0.596] | 0.070 | [−2.414, 2.554] |
| Income (natural log of the midpoint) | 4.515* | [0.710, 8.320] | 0.323 | [−2.355, 3.000] | −1.223 | [−5.000, 2.553] |
| Religious beliefs at wave 1 | 11.339** | [3.448, 19.230] | 2.274 | [−4.971, 9.518] | 2.034 | [−5.943, 10.010] |
| Religious participation at wave 1 | −1.101 | [−7.402, 5.200] | −4.406† | [−9.591, 0.779] | −5.651† | [−12.132, 0.829] |
| Positive emotional support from friends/relatives at wave 1 | −0.230 | [−3.378, 2.918] | 3.714** | [1.104, 6.325] | 2.959 | [−0.764, 6.681] |
| Positive emotional support from children at wave 1 | −2.200† | [−4.407, 0.008] | −0.892 | [−3.023, 1.240] | −0.800 | [−4.207, 2.607] |
| Attachment anxiety at baseline | −1.014 | [−3.019, 0.992] | 2.703** | [0.894, 4.513] | 1.265 | [−0.634, 3.164] |
| Instrumental support at wave 1 | 0.450 | [−0.384, 1.284] | −1.075* | [−1.910, −0.239] | −0.960† | [−2.077, 0.158] |
| Close network size at wave 1 | −0.458 | [−2.068, 1.152] | −1.719* | [−3.259, −0.180] | −1.549† | [−3.125, 0.027] |
| R2 | .473 | .535 | .519 | |||
†
P ≤ .10,
*
P ≤ .05,
**
P ≤ .01.