Table 3.
Bivariate analysis comparing those with overutilization of surveillance endoscopy to those without overutilization.*
| Variables | ≤1 endoscopy per 3 years n = 54 n (%) or mean ± SD |
>1 endoscopy per 3 years n = 102 n (%) or mean ± SD |
p† |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Sex | 0.6 | ||
| Female | 10 (18.5) | 22 (21.8) | |
| Male | 44 (81.5) | 79 (78.2) | |
|
| |||
| Age | 62.1 ± 11.5 | 61.1 ± 11.5 | 0.6 |
|
| |||
| Race | 0.5 | ||
| Black | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.0) | |
| White | 53 (98.2) | 95 (93.1) | |
| Other | 1 (1.8) | 5 (4.9) | |
|
| |||
| Site | 0.005 | ||
| UNC | 8 (14.8) | 41 (40.2) | |
| SAVAMC | 23 (42.6) | 31 (30.4) | |
| Mayo | 23 (42.6) | 30 (29.4) | |
|
| |||
| Education | 0.3 | ||
| < High school graduate | 0 (0.0) | 5 (5.0) | |
| High school graduate | 12 (22.6) | 16 (15.8) | |
| Some college | 20 (37.7) | 33 (32.7) | |
| ≥College graduate | 21 (39.6) | 47 (46.5) | |
|
| |||
| Annual household income | 0.6 | ||
| <$25,000/year | 8 (17.8) | 6 (10.0) | |
| $25,000–50,000/year | 15 (33.3) | 24 (40.0) | |
| $50,000–100,000/year | 16 (35.6) | 19 (31.7) | |
| >$100,000/year | 6 (13.3) | 11 (18.3) | |
|
| |||
| Insurance‡ | 0.04 | ||
| No insurance | 3 (5.6) | 2 (2.0) | |
| Medicaid | 1 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Private | 18 (33.3) | 54 (53.5) | |
| Medicare | 12 (22.2) | 22 (21.8) | |
| VA | 20 (37.0) | 23 (22.8) | |
|
| |||
| Family history of Barrett’s esophagus | 7 (13.2) | 10 (10.3) | 0.6 |
|
| |||
| Family history of esophageal cancer | 2 (3.7) | 7 (6.9) | 0.7 |
|
| |||
| Years with Barrett’s Esophagus | 7.7 ± 6.0 | 6.1 ± 5.5 | 0.1 |
|
| |||
| GERD HRQL | 9.1 ± 8.9 | 7.8 ± 7.8 | 0.3 |
|
| |||
| SF-36 | |||
| Physical component summary | 44.8 ± 11.1 | 47.0 ± 10.2 | 0.2 |
| Mental component summary | 49.8 ± 11.4 | 50.9 ± 11.6 | 0.6 |
|
| |||
| Heartburn severity | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 0.1 |
|
| |||
| Worry of BE | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 0.4 |
|
| |||
| Risk perception§ | 0.5 | ||
| Overestimator | 23 (43.4) | 37 (38.1) | |
| Under/true estimator | 30 (56.6) | 60 (61.9) | |
|
| |||
| Physician visits/year | 1.5 ± 1.7 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 0.1 |
|
| |||
| Dentist visits/year | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.9 |
|
| |||
| Numeracy score** | 87.0% ± 16.5% | 84.0% ± 19.9% | 0.4 |
|
| |||
| Any use of internet for BE information | 28 (51.9) | 67 (67.0) | 0.07 |
Table includes data on the subset of subjects who had BE for ≥ 6 months, were able to ascertain their date of diagnosis, and could recall their endoscopy history (n=156). Overutilization defined as >1 endoscopy per 3 years, discounting a single confirmatory EGD.
p values obtained via χ2 tests or Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables, and Student’s t-tests for continuous variables.
When multiple insurance types listed, hierarchical assignment was private→VA→Medicare→Medicaid→no insurance
Measured with validated risk perception tool. Overestimators defined as those who estimated their 1 year risk of BE of >1%.
Numeracy scores reflect ability of participants to answer 8 simple math questions as part of a validated numeracy measurement tool [22]. The highest score on this measure is 100%.
GERD HRQL: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire, a measure of disease-targeted quality of life; SF-36: Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36, a measure of generic quality of life; BE: Barrett’s esophagus. UNC: University of North Carolina; SAVAMC: Southern Arizona Veterans Administration Medical Center