Table 2. The questions tested, experiments conducted, data and models used to test the predictions, and whether we found support for our predictions or not (outlined briefly here).

Predictions highlighted in bold show that we found support for these in our models. Note that this may indicate that there was not a significant relationship. Predictions for which we did not find support but found the opposite trend are in bold and italicized. ‘N/A’ is listed for both boldness and anxiety effects in the novel food experiment under Question 1. This is because, in the case of boldness, this experiment was also our assay for boldness, and in the case of anxiety, previous work has demonstrated that anxiety is unrelated to boldness (and hence performance in the novel food experiment) in this species (Carter et al., 2012c).

					Prediction and whether it was supported
Question	Test	Experiment	Data analysed	Model	Anxiety	Boldness
1	Propensity to solve the task	Novel food	N/A		N/A	N/A
		Hidden food	Whether the baboon ate food from the task or not (0/1)	m1	P1a: calm-anxious animals unlikely to differ YES	P1b: bold animals are likely to solve YES
2	Watching a demonstrator	Novel food	Time (s) spent watching a demonstrator	m2nf	P2a: anxious animals will be more attentive No, calmer individuals were more attentive	P2b: shy animals will be more attentive NO (neither)
		Hidden food	Whether the baboon watched a demonstrator or not (0/1)	m2hf	P2a: anxious animals will be more attentive No (neither)	P2b: shy animals will be more attentive NO (neither)
3	Change in task-solving behaviour after watching a demonstrator	Novel food	Time spent handling the novel food (s) after treatment/control	m3nf	P3a: anxious animals will show greater improvement YES	P3b: shy animals will show greater improvement NO, bold individuals improved.
		Hidden food	Level of interaction with the hidden food container (levels 0–4)	Model set 3hf	P3a: anxious animals will show greater improvement NO (neither)	P3b: shy animals will show greater improvement NO (neither)