Figure 1. Tanglegram of cophylogenetic relationships between New World bat hosts and Bartonella.

Maximum likelihood phylogenies for Bartonella bacteria (yellow) and their New World bat hosts (blue), with bootstrap support values ≥50 labeled, rooted with outgroups. All host-pathogen associations are shown in the tanglegram as gray and black connecting lines. Black lines indicate significant individual cospeciation links between Bartonella and their hosts as indicated by ParaFit (P≤0.05), while gray lines represent non-significant links. Bat species that did not have an available cytochrome b sequence on GenBank, is substituted with a closely related species. Phyllostomus hastatus substituted for Phyllostomus discolor.