Table 1. Clinical characteristics and pattern of adipocytokine secretion in the patients with type 2 diabetes.
| Women | Men | Total | |
| No 49 | No 42 | No 91 | |
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |
| Age (years) | 62.37±6.67 | 62.12±6.10 | 62.25±6.38 |
| Duration of disease (years) | 9.53±6.50 | 9.95±5.40 | 9.73±5.99 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 30.35±4.94* | 28.36±4.09 | 29.43±4.65 |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 103.02±12.43 | 101.93±10.10 | 102.52±11.36 |
| Hip Circumference (cm) | 110.30±11.66* | 103.66±7.40 | 107.24±10.42 |
| Waist/Hip ratio | 0.93±0.10* | 0.98±0.04 | 0.95±0.08 |
| Body Adiposity Index | 37.09±6.27** | 30.31±4.17 | 33.96±6.35 |
| Visceral Adiposity Index | 2.64±1.56* | 1.87±0.94 | 2.29±1.36 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.94±0.68 | 6.88±0.57 | 6.92±0.63 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 52±7.40 | 52±6.20 | 52±6.90 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.98±3.02 | 3.26±3.44 | 3.11±3.21 |
| Fasting Insulin (pmol/l) | 61.75±63.33 | 68.94±72.31 | 65.07±67.33 |
| Fasting C-peptide (nmol/l) | 0.14±0.16 | 0.16±0.15 | 0.15±0.15 |
| Urinary Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (UACR) (mg/g) | 16.13±47.53 | 17.05±26.31 | 16.55±38.99 |
| Fasting lipids | |||
| Total Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.67±0.78 | 4.53±0.97 | 4.60±0.87 |
| HDL Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.31±0.31 | 1.20±0.32 | 1.25±0.32 |
| LDL Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.75±0.82 | 2.79±0.91 | 2.77±0.86 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.45±0.61 | 1.36±0.51 | 1.41±0.57 |
| NEFA (mmol/l) | 0.54±0.27* | 0.39±0.24 | 0.47±0.26 |
| Fasting adipocytokines | |||
| Leptin (ng/dl)§ | 13.74±12.02** | 3.59±4.79 | 9.06±10.65 |
| Soluble leptin receptor (sOb-R) (ng/ml) | 19.89±6.18* | 23.10±6.40 | 21.37±6.46 |
| Leptin/sOb-R ratio§ | 0.89±1.09** | 0.20±0.34 | 0.57±0.90 |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml) § | 10.95±12.10 | 13.24±14.37 | 12.01±13.17 |
| Visfatin (ng/ml) | 0.64±0.56 | 0.61±0.50 | 0.62±0.53 |
| Resistin (ng/ml) § | 3.78±4.36 | 4.42±5.28 | 4.07±4.79 |
| Ghrelin (pmol/l) | 31.49±9.96 | 30.83±7.66 | 31.19±8.93 |
| Adipsin (μg/ml) | 0.63±0.35 | 0.70±0.30 | 0.67±0.33 |
| PAI-1 (ng/ml) | 83.51±78.96 | 83.78±86.79 | 83.63±82.20 |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) § | 1.43±1.62 | 1.49±1.64 | 1.46±1.62 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 2.24±2.42 | 2.21±2.18 | 2.22±2.30 |
| IL-18 (pg/ml) § | 41.75±27.32 | 39.13±24.47 | 40.54±25.93 |
| VEGF (pg/ml) | 106.26±90.91 | 117.81±104.69 | 111.59±97.13 |
| HGF (pg/ml) | 351.82±185.87 | 385.22±209.67 | 367.23±196.80 |
| hs-CRP (mg/l) § | 0.50±0.67 | 0.97±4.44 | 0.72±3.04 |
Women vs. Men:
* p<0.05,
**p<0.001; Student’s t Test after testing for equality of variance (Levene test) and after natural log transformation of several variables (§).