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. 2014 Mar 20;9(3):e92267. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092267

Table 1. Characteristics of studies of ANA, SMA and SLA/LP.

Study (No.) Patients race Setting Assay (cut-off) AIH patients Women (%) Mean1, Median2 age, (SD) years Age range, years Control participants design Golden standard (No.)
45 Japanese not referred IFT(1∶160*) 16 14(87.50) 59.002 25–69 AIC(n = 21), PBC(n = 37), CVH(n = 21) retrospective 8
46 German not referred IFT(1∶80*#), ELISA(&) 121 29(23.97) 40.991 not referred PBC(n = 107), SLE(n = 17), MCTD(n = 16), Arthritis(n = 9), HC(n = 100) retrospective unclear
47 Iraqi Teaching Hospital IFT(1∶20*, 1∶40# ), Immunoblot(&) 50 45(90.00) 27.201(9.44) 8–62 CVH(n = 50), HC(n = 30) retrospective unclear
48 Chinese Peking Union Medical College Hospital ELISA(20RU/mL, &) 44 10(22.72) 47.801(11.50) 8–82 PBC(n = 198), LDC(n = 41) retrospective 9
49 English King’s College Hospital RLA(&) 66 48(72.73) 13.00§ 8.00¶ 3–20 ASC(n = 17), PBC(n = 20), CVH(n = 40), LDC(n = 41), SLE(n = 16), CD(n = 8), Diabetes(n = 10), Polymyositis(n = 12), HC(n = 56) retrospective 9
50 Japanese not referred IFT(1∶40*#), Immunoblot(&) 80 69(86.25) 54.561 not referred PBC(n = 46), PSC(n = 10), CVH(n = 47), SLE(n = 48), Cryptogenic hepatitis(n = 3), HC(n = 40) retrospective 9
51 Japanese Kagawa Medical University ELISA(&) 18 not referred not referred not referred CVH(n = 150), NBNC(n = 20), HC(n = 30) retrospective 8, 10
52 Italian and Turkish not referred IFT(1∶40*#), Immunoblot(&) 192 157(81.77) 43.111 3–82 AIH/PBC(n = 30), PBC(n = 170), AIH/PSC(n = 9), PSC(n = 45), AIH/CVH(n = 11), CVH(n = 292), NASH(n = 135), DILI(n = 86), Wilson’s disease(n = 16) retrospective 11
53 German University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf IFT(1∶40#) 35 26(74.29) 49.001 21–68 CVH(n = 34), PBC(n = 21), PSC(n = 5), NASH(n = 14), LDC(n = 13), Wilson’s disease(n = 1) prospective unclear
54 Italian Semeiotica Medica II and Clinica Medica II IFT(1∶40*#) 35 not referred not referred not referred CVH(n = 290) retrospective, consecutive 8
55 Italian not referred IFT(1∶80#) 55 not referred not referred not referred PBC(n = 20), CVH(n = 20), HC(n = 25) retrospective, consecutive 9
56 Austrian not referred Immunoblot(&) 51 not referred 40.001 7–63 CVH(n = 10), HC(n = 10) retrospective 8, 12, 13, 14
57 Italian not referred IFT(1∶40#) 41 not referred 53.202 18–83 PBC(n = 40), CVH(n = 30), CD(n = 16), Steatosis(n = 10) retrospective 9
58 Italian S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital IFT(1∶40#) 100 not referred 39.002 7–82 PBC(n = 20), CVH(n = 51), CD(n = 17), HC(n = 50) retrospective, consecutive 9
59 Swedish Linköping University Hospital IFT(1∶80*#) 46 34(73.91) 47.001 21–28 NAFLD(n = 50), UC(n = 53), PSC(n = 27), Crohn’s disease(n = 51), HC(n = 40) retrospective 9, 15
60 Chinese not Teaching Hospital IFT(*#), Immunoblot(&) 45 not referred not referred not referred SLE(n = 20), HC(n = 20) retrospective unclear
61 Chinese Second Hospital Affiliated to NanChang University IFT(1∶100*#) 68 57(83.82) 44.001 4–62 PBC(n = 41), PSC(n = 52), CVH(n = 276), HC(n = 50) retrospective 16
62 Chinese Second Hospital Affiliated to NanChang University IFT(*#) 56 49(87.5) 44.001 4–67 PBC(n = 32), CVH(n = 134), HC(n = 40) retrospective 17
63 Chinese not referred IFT(#), Immunoblot(&) 11 not referred not referred not referred PBC(n = 3), PSC(n = 11), CVH(n = 25), retrospective 9
64 Chinese not Teaching Hospital IFT(*#) 32 21(65.63) 49.701(18.30) not referred CVH(n = 60) retrospective 17
65 Chinese not referred IFT(*#), Immunoblot(&) 22 17(77.27) 35.001 (5.00) 17–51 PBC(n = 43), PSC(n = 3) retrospective unclear
66 Japanese not referred IFT(*) 8 not referred not referred not referred PBC(n = 57), CVH(n = 363), CTD(n = 151) retrospective unclear
67 Chinese Second Hospital Affiliated to NanChang University IFT(*#) 63 54(85.71) 43.001 4–69 PBC(n = 36), PSC(n = 25), CVH(n = 145), HC(n = 50) retrospective 18
68 Chinese not Teaching Hospital IFT(*#), Immunoblot(&) 31 23(74.19) 40.561(8.23) 24–63 CVH(n = 32), HC(n = 31) retrospective unclear
69 Chinese not Teaching Hospital IFT(#), Immunoblot(&) 7 5(71.43) not referred 36–60 PBC(n = 11), LDC(n = 20) retrospective 9
70 Chinese Second Hospital Affiliated to NanChang University IFT(*#), Immunoblot(&) 31 28(90.32) 42.001 4–67 PBC(n = 29), CVH(n = 46), HC(n = 40) retrospective 17
71 Chinese not referred IFT(1∶100*#) 25 not referred not referred 36–67 PBC(n = 19), PSC(n = 2), HC(n = 60) retrospective 8
72 Chinese Beijing You’an Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University Immunoblot(&) 34 not referred 53.001(12.00) not referred AIH/PBC(n = 6), PBC(n = 20), CVH(n = 29), HC(n = 20) retrospective 16
73 Chinese Second Hospital Affiliated to NanChang University IFT(*#), Immunoblot(&) 47 41(87.23) 44.001 4–67 PBC(n = 32), CVH(n = 116), HC(n = 40) retrospective 17

*/#/&: cut-off and assays for ANA/SMA/SLA. 1/2: mean/median age of AIH patients. §/¶: median age of AIH-1/2.

IIF = indirect immunofluorescence, ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, RLA = radioligand assay. ANA = antinuclear antibodies, SMA = anti smooth muscle antibodies, SLA/LP = antibodies to a soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas, AIH = autoimmune hepatitis, PBC = primary biliary cirrhosis, AIC = autoimmune cholangitis/cholangiopathy, CVH = chronic viral hepatitis B or C, SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus, MCTD = mixed connective tissue disease, HC = healthy controls, LDC = liver disease controls, CD = coeliac disease, PSC = primary sclerosing cholangitis, NBNC = chronic hepatitis-non-B, non-C, DILI = drug-induced liver injury, NASH = non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, UC = ulcerative colitis, NAFLD = non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, CTD = collagen diseases.