Table 1. Comparison of SPRi and BLI technologies with respect to throughput and sample consumption in performing a comprehensive classical sandwich epitope binning assay on 96.

Parameter	SPRi	BLI*
Time to couple 96 ligands	1 h (two consecutive prints of a 48-channel CFM followed by blocking of the 96-ligand array in the SPRi)	40 min (one cycle)
Vol. per ligand (96 total)	100 μl	100 μl**
Vol. per analyte (96 total)	120 μl	10 ml (96× 100-μl aliquots per mAb analyte within a 384-well plate)
Plates required to accommodate 96 mAb analytes	One 96-well plate	24× 384-well plates
Time to prepare 96 analytes	30 min (dispense 100 μl per mAb into a 96-well plate)	Several hours to dispense 96 mAbs into 24 plates, each plate accommodating four mAbs, and each mAb dispensed into 96× 100 μl-aliquots
Unattended throughput	9216 interactions (96 analytes × 96 ligands)	384 interactions (four analytes × 96 ligands) if one plate is used for analytes and the second plate is used for reagents.
Unattended runtime	30 h using standard injection times	1 h using four 15-min cycles
No. experiments needed	One	24
Total runtime	30 h	Several days involving 24 manual plate switches
Reagents (antigen, buffer, and regeneration)	10 ml each accommodated in 11-ml vials	10 ml each, but must be distributed as 96× 100-μl aliquots into a 384-well plate

* Robotic integration with the BLI platform results in a higher unattended throughput, longer unattended runtime, and significantly shorter total runtime by automating multi-plate analyses. Less time is needed for sample preparation if a robot is used for the microfluidic dispensing.

**Sample volumes can be reduced by 50% if tilted-bottom 384-well microplates that hold a minimum of 40 μl/well are used instead of the standard flat-bottom 384-well microplates.