Table II.
Comparison between Chinese and Western patients with HEHE.
| Variables | Chinese patients (n=50) | Western patients (n=434) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, M, % (M:F) | 32 (16:34) | 42.4 (154:209) | 0.160 |
| Mean age, years (range) | 44.2 (22–86) | 41.7 (3–86) | NA |
| Presenting symptoms, % (n) | |||
| RUQ pain | 32.0 (16/50) | 48.6 (143/294) | 0.029 |
| Asymptomatic | 40.0 (20/50) | 24.8 (73/294) | 0.026 |
| Weight loss | 10.0 (5/50) | 15.6 (46/294) | 0.299 |
| Anorexia | 6.0 (3/50) | 8.2 (24/294) | 0.599 |
| Abdominal discomfort | 26.0 (13/50) | 5.4 (16/294) | <0.001 |
| Positive physical signs, % (n) | |||
| Hepatomegaly | 18.0 (9/50) | 20.4 (60/294) | 0.694 |
| Shifting dullness | 8.0 (4/50) | 6.8 (20/294) | 0.759 |
| Jaundice | 6.0 (3/50) | 6.5 (19/294) | 0.902 |
| Splenomegaly | 8.0 (4/50) | 2.4 (7/294) | 0.037 |
| Abdominal tenderness | 4.0 (2/50) | 1.0 (3/294) | 0.104 |
| Elevated ALP | 27.5 (11/40) | 68.6 (127/185) | <0.001 |
| Elevated GGT | 17.5 (7/40) | 45.4 (84/185) | 0.001 |
| Elevated ALT | 12.5 (5/40) | 28.6 (53/185) | 0.034 |
| Elevated AST | 17.5 (7/40) | 23.2 (43/185) | 0.428 |
| Elevated Bilirubin | 7.5 (3/40) | 19.5 (36/185) | 0.07 |
| Imaging features, % (n) | |||
| Low consistency | 95.7 (44/46) | 98.1 (102/104) | 0.395 |
| Location of the tumor, % (n) | |||
| Two lobes | 55.3 (21/38) | 84.6 (259/306) | <0.001 |
| Left lobe | 5.3 (2/38) | 2.0 (6/306) | 0.203 |
| Right lobe | 39.5 (15/38) | 13.4 (41/306) | <0.001 |
| Capsular retraction | 59.5 (22/37) | 10.6 (15/142) | <0.001 |
| Halo sign | 37.5 (6/16) | 10.4 (5/48) | 0.005 |
| Calcification | 26.0 (13/50) | 12.7 (18/142) | 0.028 |
| Type of involvement, % (n) | |||
| Multiple focal including diffuse type | 86.0 (43/50) | 87.3 (267/306) | 0.806 |
| Unifocal | 14.0 (7/50) | 12.7 (39/306) | 0.806 |
| Extra hepatic metastasis | 16.0 (8/50) | 36.6 (90/246) | 0.005 |
| Immunohistopathological markers, % (n) | |||
| CD34 | 93.5 (43/46) | 94.5 (129/137) | 0.799 |
| CD31 | 80.6 (25/31) | 86.1 (118/137) | 0.438 |
HEHE, hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma; RUQ right upper quadrant pain; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; GGT, γ glutamyl transpeptidase; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; NA, not applicable.