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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 20.
Published in final edited form as: J Med Primatol. 2012 Mar 20;41(3):191–201. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2012.00536.x

Table 1.

Key advances in the research on the NHP model of TB are tabulated, along with the description of Mtb strains, route of infection, and the dose inoculated

Year Mycobacterial agent Dose/route of infection Significant advance Citation
1996 Mtb Erdman 101–102 (low), 103 (moderate), 104–105 (high); intratracheal Establishment of the cynomolgus macaque as a model of human TB [37]
2001 M. bovis BCG (Pasteur) 103 (low), 106 (moderate), 108 (high); intravenous Reactivation of BCG infection in rhesus macaques by SIV coinfection [52]
2004 Mtb Erdman Mtb H37Rv 101 (low), 3 × 101 (moderate), 1.5 × 102 (high); intratracheal 3 × 101 (low), 2 × 102 (moderate), 106 (high); intratracheal Establishment of a rhesus macaque model of asymptomatic infection with Mtb [55]
2005 Mtb Erdman 3 × 103 cfu; 103 cfu; intratracheal Use of the NHP model to test a candidate vaccine against TB [39]
2006 Mtb Erdman ~2.5 × 101 cfu; intratracheal Description of the early events upon infection of cynomolgus macaques with Mtb [40]
2008 Mtb Erdman ~2.5 × 101 cfu; intratracheal Study of hypoxia in caseous lesions of NHPs infected with Mtb [41]
2010 Mtb Erdman ~2.5 × 101 cfu; intratracheal Reactivation of latent TB in cynomolgus macaques by SIV coinfection [45]
2010 Mtb Erdman ~2.5 × 101 cfu; intratracheal Reactivation of latent TB in cynomolgus macaques by TNF depletion [46]
2010 Mtb CDC1551 ~5 × 103 cfu; aerosol Infection phenotype of Mtb mutants in rhesus macaques via the aerosol route [63]
2011 Mtb CDC1551 ~2.5 × 102–5 × 102 cfu; aerosol Reactivation of latent TB in rhesus macaques by SIV coinfection [67]

BCG, Bacille Calmette–Guerin; NPHs, non-human primates; SIV, simian immunodeficiency virus; TB, tuberculosis; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.