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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 20.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Genet. 2010 Jan 13;68:83–104. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2660(09)68004-4

Figure 4.1.

Figure 4.1

The replicated evolution of risk-taking behaviors in sticklebacks provides a natural experiment for testing candidate genes. This idealized map of Scotland shows the movement of sticklebacks from the ocean (on left) into freshwater rivers following glacial retreat. Sticklebacks inhabiting water bodies with abundant predators independently evolved increased levels of risk-taking behavior (dark fish) compared to sticklebacks inhabiting water bodies without predators (light fish).