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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 20.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Genet. 2010 Jan 13;68:83–104. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2660(09)68004-4

Figure 4.6.

Figure 4.6

Paternal care improves antipredator behavior. This is Fig. 1 from Tulley and Huntingford (1987). The strength of avoidance shown to a model pike by sticklebacks from the Mar Burn, where predators are abundant, and from Inverleith Pond, where predators are absent with (“N”) and without (“O”) paternal care.