Table 1.

Clinical features of patients prospectively identified with neurological relapse post-HSE

#	AGE SEX	HSV-1 ENCEPHALITIS						TIME TO RELAPSE (DAYS)	RELAPSE							OUTCOME (Follow-up after HSE onset)
		SYMPTOMS	CSF	MRI T2 LESIONS	HSV- PCR	TREATMENT	NMDAR ANTIBODIES		SYMPTOMS	CSF	MRI: NEW T2 LESIONS	HSV- PCR	NMDAR ANTIBODIES	INTRATHECAL SYNTHESIS NMDAR ANTIBODIES§	TREATMENT
1	2 mo, m	Fever, focal seizures	WBC 77 prot. 78	Extensive bilateral occipital and right temporal	+	Acyc	−	7	Choreoathetosis, irritability, sleep disorder	WBC 120 prot. 249	n/a	−	+	75.41	Acyc	Day 130: Improved; deficits in visual tracking
2*	28 mo, f	Fever, irritability, focal seizures, dysphagia, dysarthria	WBC 18, prot. 25	Extensive bilateral temporal	+	Acyc	−	23	Fever, diarrhea, agitation, insomnia, choreoathetosis	WBC<5 prot.<45	−	−	+	18.85	Acyc, ivMP, IVIg, Ritux, CycP	Two years: Improved; normal exam, residual biopercular syndrome
3	6 mo, f	Fever, diarrhea, focal seizures. Residual right hemiparesis	WBC 10 prot. 38	Extensive bilateral temporal	+	Acyc	−	30	Fever, diarrhea, irritability, insomnia, choreoathetosis, unresponsiveness	WBC 6 prot. 45	−	−	+	4.71	Acyc, ivMP, IVIg, Ritux, CycP	Day 210:, Partial improvement: no chorea, residual dysphagia and hemiparesis
4	8 mo, m	Fever, irritability, focal seizures	WBC 85 prot. 36	Extensive bilateral frontotemporal	+	Acyc	n/a	24	Irritability, unresponsiveness, seizures, choreoathetosis	WBC 74 prot. 82 OCB	−	−	+	18.85	Acyc, ivMP, IVIg, Ritux, CycP	Day 120: slight improvement
5*	24 y, m	Confusion, delusions, coma. Residual memory impairment	WBC 153 prot.<45 OCB neg	Extensive bilateral temporal, insular	+	Acyc	−	41	Progressive mania, irritability, disorientation, memory dysfunction	WBC 24, prot. 86	+ (adjacent to prior lesions)	−	+	34.46	Acyc, IvMP	Day 119: Improved; residual memory impairment

^*Partial data previously published^4,6.

^§calculated according to ¹³ normal value ≤2.4;

Acyc: Acyclovir, CycP: monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide, f: female, IVIg: intravenous immunoglobulins, IvMP: intravenous methylprednisolone, m: male, mo: months, n/a: not available/not done, prot.: CSF total protein in mg/dL, Ritux: Rituximab, SIADH: syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic-hormone secretion, WBC: white blood cells/μl in CSF, y: years.