Table 3. Hazard Ratios (HR) of Colorectal Cancer Associated with Fish Oil Supplement Use, Dark Fish Consumption, and Total EPA+DHA, by Gender.

		Male			Female		P-interaction
	Case/Cohort	HR	95% CI	Case/Cohort	HR	95% CI
10-yr Fish Oil Usea
No Use	224/27,654	1.00	Ref	167/26,000	1.00	Ref	0.02
Low Use (<4  days/week or <3 years)	6/1,410	0.66	0.29,1.49	13/1,891	1.16	0.66,2.05
High Use (≥4 days/week and ≥3 yrs)	2/1,271	0.22	0.06,0.90	7/1,274	0.85	0.39,1.80
		P-trend: 0.02			P-trend: 0.88
Dark Fish (Salmon +Tuna)(servings/week)a
Quartile 1: None	94/10,409	1.00	Ref	77/10,440	1.00	Ref	0.87
Quartile 2: >0 - <0.26	50/7,300	0.82	0.58,1.16	42/6,687	0.96	0.65,1.41
Quartile 3: 0.26-<0.80	64/7,205	1.18	0.85,1.64	42/6,956	0.91	0.62,1.34
Quartile 4: 0.80+	24/5,421	0.69	0.43,1.11	26/5,082	0.86	0.54,1.38
		P-trend: 0.57			P-trend: 0.49
Total EPA +DHA (g/day)a,b
Quartile 1: <0.08	54/5,719	1.00	Ref	61/9,044	1.00	Ref	0.72
Quartile 2: 0.08- <0.17	50/6,588	0.84	0.57,1.25	58/8,131	1.14	0.79,1.65
Quartile 3: 0.17- <0.32	67/8,187	1.01	0.70,1.47	43/6,824	1.08	0.72,1.64
Quartile 4: 0.32+	61/9,841	0.89	0.59,1.32	25/5,166	0.82	0.50,1.34
		P-trend: 0.78			P-trend: 0.56

Abbreviations: DHA (docosahexaenoic acid); EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid); HR (hazard ratio); 95% CI (95% confidence interval).

^aMultivariate model adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, BMI, energy intake, MET-hours per week of moderate/vigorous activity, alcohol intake, smoking history, multivitamin use, calcium intake, dietary fiber intake, fruit and vegetable intake, red/processed meat intake, aspirin use, non-aspirin NSAID use, family history of colorectal cancer, history of sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy, history of polyps, hormone replacement therapy, cardiovascular disease, memory loss, use of cholesterol-lowering drugs, and omega-6 (linoleic +arachidonic) intake

^bIncludes both dietary intake and supplementary intake (estimated from fish oil supplement use)