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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Sep 20;1842(8):1282–1294. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.09.007

Table I.

Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants in PD models

In vitro Compounds Cellular Models Results Referencesa
MitoQ MPP+-induced cellular model Reduced MPP+ toxicity in N27 cells and primary mesencephalic cultures [1]
6-OHDA-induced cellular model Blocked 6-OHDA-induced mitochondrial fragmentation in SH-SY5Y cells [2]
SS-20 MPP+-induced cellular model Reduced MPP+ toxicity in SN4741 cells [3]
SS-31 MPP+-induced cellular model Reduced MPP+ toxicity in SN4741 cells [3]
In vivo Compounds Model Systems Results
MitoQ MPTP mouse model Protected dopaminergic neurodegeneration, preserved striatal dopamine, and improved motor functions [1]
MitoApocynin MPTP mouse model Showed neuroprotection in MPTP-treated mouse [4]
SS-31 MPTP mouse model Decreased dopaminergic neuronal loss and restored dopamine levels [3]
SS-20 MPTP mouse model Decreased dopaminergic neuronal loss and restored dopamine levels [3]
Human studies Compounds Mode Systems Results
MitoQ Phase II clinical trial Showed no neuroprotective benefit of taking MitoQ [5]
a

References:

[1]

A. Ghosh, K. Chandran, S.V. Kalivendi, J. Joseph, W.E. Antholine, C.J. Hillard, A. Kanthasamy, B. Kalyanaraman, Neuroprotection by a mitochondria-targeted drug in a Parkinson’s disease model, Free radical biology & medicine, 49 (2010) 1674-1684.

[2]

M.E. Solesio, T.A. Prime, A. Logan, M.P. Murphy, M. Del Mar Arroyo-Jimenez, J. Jordan, M.F. Galindo, The mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidant MitoQ reduces aspects of mitochondrial fission in the 6-OHDA cell model of Parkinson’s disease, Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1832 (2013) 174-182.

[3]

L. Yang, K. Zhao, N.Y. Calingasan, G. Luo, H.H. Szeto, M.F. Beal, Mitochondria targeted peptides protect against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine neurotoxicity, Antioxidants & redox signaling, 11 (2009) 2095-2104.

[4]

A. Ghosh, C. Hogan, A. Kanthasamy, V. Anantharam, B. Kalyanaraman, A.G. Kanthasamy, unpublished data.

[5]

B.J. Snow, F.L. Rolfe, M.M. Lockhart, C.M. Frampton, J.D. O’Sullivan, V. Fung, R.A. Smith, M.P. Murphy, K.M. Taylor, A double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ as a disease-modifying therapy in Parkinson’s disease, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 25 (2010) 1670-1674.