Table I.
In vitro Compounds | Cellular Models | Results | Referencesa |
---|---|---|---|
MitoQ | MPP+-induced cellular model | Reduced MPP+ toxicity in N27 cells and primary mesencephalic cultures | [1] |
6-OHDA-induced cellular model | Blocked 6-OHDA-induced mitochondrial fragmentation in SH-SY5Y cells | [2] | |
SS-20 | MPP+-induced cellular model | Reduced MPP+ toxicity in SN4741 cells | [3] |
SS-31 | MPP+-induced cellular model | Reduced MPP+ toxicity in SN4741 cells | [3] |
| |||
In vivo Compounds | Model Systems | Results | |
| |||
MitoQ | MPTP mouse model | Protected dopaminergic neurodegeneration, preserved striatal dopamine, and improved motor functions | [1] |
MitoApocynin | MPTP mouse model | Showed neuroprotection in MPTP-treated mouse | [4] |
SS-31 | MPTP mouse model | Decreased dopaminergic neuronal loss and restored dopamine levels | [3] |
SS-20 | MPTP mouse model | Decreased dopaminergic neuronal loss and restored dopamine levels | [3] |
| |||
Human studies Compounds | Mode Systems | Results | |
| |||
MitoQ | Phase II clinical trial | Showed no neuroprotective benefit of taking MitoQ | [5] |
References:
A. Ghosh, K. Chandran, S.V. Kalivendi, J. Joseph, W.E. Antholine, C.J. Hillard, A. Kanthasamy, B. Kalyanaraman, Neuroprotection by a mitochondria-targeted drug in a Parkinson’s disease model, Free radical biology & medicine, 49 (2010) 1674-1684.
M.E. Solesio, T.A. Prime, A. Logan, M.P. Murphy, M. Del Mar Arroyo-Jimenez, J. Jordan, M.F. Galindo, The mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidant MitoQ reduces aspects of mitochondrial fission in the 6-OHDA cell model of Parkinson’s disease, Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1832 (2013) 174-182.
L. Yang, K. Zhao, N.Y. Calingasan, G. Luo, H.H. Szeto, M.F. Beal, Mitochondria targeted peptides protect against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine neurotoxicity, Antioxidants & redox signaling, 11 (2009) 2095-2104.
A. Ghosh, C. Hogan, A. Kanthasamy, V. Anantharam, B. Kalyanaraman, A.G. Kanthasamy, unpublished data.
B.J. Snow, F.L. Rolfe, M.M. Lockhart, C.M. Frampton, J.D. O’Sullivan, V. Fung, R.A. Smith, M.P. Murphy, K.M. Taylor, A double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ as a disease-modifying therapy in Parkinson’s disease, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 25 (2010) 1670-1674.