FIG. 1.

Ultrasound training modules. Front (A) and back (B) views of modified training phantom with the appearance of a human torso. The tissue cutout from right flank contains an artificial kidney (C) with a collecting system space and artificial stone that matches the acoustic characteristics of a human kidney. The translucent water bath model (D) contains a suspended stone (black arrow) within degassed water to allow the learner to observe stone movement visually and under B-mode ultrasound. Similarly, the transparent maze (E) contains a stone (white circle) on a water-filled curvilinear path (white line). This phantom also simulates tissue to match the acoustic attenuation of human tissue.