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. 2014 Mar 5;3(1):e12. doi: 10.2196/resprot.3109

Table 1.

Characteristics of the study population.


Quelimane Maganja da Costa District Morrumbala District


District town Rural villages District town Rural villages

n=179 n=57 n=127 n=49 n=139
Age, n (%)





14 years 10 (5.6) 2 (4) 5 (3.9) 1 (2) 9 (6.5)

15 years 52 (29.1) 19 (33) 45 (35.4) 21 (43) 62 (44.6)

16 years 39 (21.8) 9 (16) 27 (21.3) 9 (18) 30 (21.6)

17 years 46 (25.7) 13 (23) 22 (17.3) 7 (14) 18 (12.9)

18 years 32 (17.9) 13 (23) 27 (21.3) 11 (22) 18 (12.9)

19 years 0 (0.0) 1 (2) 1 (0.8) 0 (0) 2 (1.4)

Missing data, n 0 0 0 0 0
Currently attending school or studying

n (%) 170/177 (96.0) 49/56 (88) 77/127 (60.6) 42/49 (86) 91/134 (67.9)

Missing data, n 2 1 0 0 5
Literate a

n (%) 145/178 (81.5) 28/53 (53) 39/124 (31.5) 20/48 (42) 15/134 (11.2)

Missing data, n 1 4 3 1 5
Married b

n (%) 10/179 (5.6) 7/56 (13) 30/127 (23.6) 4/49 (8) 40/133 (30.1)

Missing data, n 0 1 0 0 6
Currently pregnant c

n (%) 18/178 (10.1) 6/56 (11) 20/125 (16.0) 1/49 (2) 15/135 (11.1)

Missing data, n 1 1 2 0 4
Has given birth or is currently pregnant

n (%) 38/176 (21.6) 16/55 (29) 38/125 (30.4) 10/49 (20) 41/133 (30.8)

Missing data, n 3 2 2 0 6
Currently breastfeeding

n (%) 9/177 (5.1) 8/55 (15) 9/127 (7.1) 6/49 (12) 23/135 (17.0)

Missing data, n 2 2 0 0 4
Type of sanitation, n (%)





No toilet 16/179 (8.9) 2/56 (4) 54/127 (42.5) 2/49 (4) 79/135 (58.5)

Pit latrine 141/179 (78.8) 53/56 (95) 72/127 (56.7) 47/49 (96) 56/135 (41.5)

Flush toilet 22/179 (12.3) 1/56 (2) 1/127 (0.8) 0/49 (0) 0/135 (0.0)

Missing data, n 0 1 0 0 4
Main source of energy for cooking, n (%)





Firewood 2/178 (1.1) 28/56 (50) 114/127 (89.8) 19/49 (39) 121/136 (89.0)

Charcoal or coal 175/178 (98.3) 27/56 (48) 13/127 (10.2) 30/49 (61) 15/136 (11.0)

Electricity or gas 1/178 (0.6) 1/56 (2) 0/127 (0.0) 0/49 (0) 0/136 (0.0)

Missing data, n 1 1 0 0 3

aable to read a full test-sentence in Portuguese

bmarried or traditionally married, includes divorced or separated and widowed

cpositive—urine test result positive/visibly pregnant; negative—urine test result negative, or if test result not available, self-report of not being pregnant