Table 2.
Participation and learning variables and between-group differences
| Variable | Participation group | U-value (p-value)* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temporary % (N) | Continuous % (N) | Combined % (N) | Temporary vs. Continuous | Continuous vs. Combined | Combined vs. Temporary | ||
| Ample opportunity to participate in decisions about Lean content | Strongly agree | 9.4% (3) | 26.6% (17) | 18.2% (4) | 704.0 (p = .007)a | 577.5 (p = .177) | 307.5 (p = .390) |
| Agree | 40.6% (13) | 48.4% (31) | 40.9% (9) | ||||
| Disagree | 50.0% (16) | 25.0% (16) | 40.9% (9) | ||||
| Ample opportunity to participate in decisions about how to work with Lean | Strongly agree | 12.5% (4) | 14.5% (9) | 9.1% (2) | 787.5 (p = .074) | 596.5 (p = .333) | 320.0 (p = .534) |
| Agree | 34.4% (11) | 54.8% (34) | 50.0% (11) | ||||
| Disagree | 53.1% (17) | 30.6% (19) | 40.9% (9) | ||||
| Ample opportunity to participate in discussions about experiences from working with Lean | Strongly agree | 9.4% (3) | 26.2% (16) | 22.7% (5) | 625.5 (p = .002)a | 569.5 (p = .253) | 285 (p =.199) |
| Agree | 40.6% (13) | 54.1% (33) | 40.9% (9) | ||||
| Disagree | 50.0% (16) | 19.7% (12) | 36.4% (8) | ||||
| Ample room for exchanging ideas and experiences from working with Lean | Strongly agree | 6.1% (2) | 35.4% (23) | 33.3% (7) | 739.5 (p = .006)a | 682.5 (p = 1.000) | 235.5 (p = .024) |
| Agree | 66.7% (22) | 47.7% (31) | 52.4% (11) | ||||
| Disagree | 27.3% (9) | 16.9% (11) | 14.3% (3) | ||||
| Lessons learned from working with Lean are assimilated and become useful for the company | Strongly agree | 18.2% (6) | 37.9% (25) | 22.7% (5) | 893.5 (p = .106) | 631.0 (p = .311) | 344.5 (p = .706) |
| Agree | 66.7% (22) | 48.5% (32) | 63.6% (14) | ||||
| Disagree | 15.2% (5) | 13.6% (9) | 13.6% (3) | ||||
| In discussions, we often question each other’s way of thinking | Strongly agree | 10.3% (3) | 24.6% (16) | 21.1% (4) | 781.0 (p = .137) | 497.0 (p = .159) | 261.0 (p = .736) |
| Agree | 62.1% (18) | 55.4% (36) | 36.8% (7) | ||||
| Disagree | 27.6% (8) | 20.0% (13) | 42.1% (8) | ||||
| Time is set aside for reflection and learning in the work with Lean | Strongly agree | 12.1% (4) | 18.5% (12) | 13.0% (3) | 697.0 (p = .002)a | 526.0 (p = .022) | 359.0 (p = .687) |
| Agree | 21.2% (7) | 52.3% (34) | 26.1% (6) | ||||
| Disagree | 66.7% (22) | 29.2% (19) | 60.9% (14) | ||||
“Don’t know” and missing responses are not reported.
*
p-values from Mann Whitney U statistical tests were compared to αadjusted = .017, an alpha threshold adjusted for multiple comparisons.
a
p < αadjusted