Table 3.
Work system variables and between-group differences*
| Variable | Participation group | U-value (p-value)** | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temporary % (N) | Continuous % (N) | Combined % (N) | Temporary vs. Continuous | Continuous vs. Combined | Combined vs. Temporary | ||
| Teamwork at department has increased | Strongly agree | 15.6% (5) | 53.0% (35) | 30.4% (7) | 558.0 (p = .000)a | 550.0 (p = .031) | 293.0 (p = .164) |
| Agree | 50.0% (16) | 39.4% (26) | 47.8% (11) | ||||
| Disagree | 34.4% (11) | 7.6% (5) | 21.7% (5) | ||||
| Cooperation between our department and the other departments increased | Strongly agree | 9.1% (3) | 18.5% (12) | 4.5% (1) | 904.5 (p = .168) | 634.5 (p = .387) | 342.0 (p = .686) |
| Agree | 45.5% (15) | 47.7% (31) | 59.1% (13) | ||||
| Disagree | 45.5% (15) | 33.8% (22) | 36.4% (8) | ||||
| Physical work environment improved | Strongly agree | 8.8% (3) | 32.8% (22) | 13.6% (3) | 736.5 (p = .002)a | 507.0 (p = .018) | 362.5 (p = .831) |
| Agree | 50.0% (17) | 49.3% (33) | 45.5% (10) | ||||
| Disagree | 41.2% (14) | 17.9% (12) | 40.9% (9) | ||||
| Orderliness increased | Strongly agree | 50.0% (17) | 66.2% (45) | 34.8% (8) | 931.5 (p = .063) | 521.0 (p = .006)a | 344.5 (p = .404) |
| Agree | 38.2% (13) | 32.4% (22) | 56.5% (13) | ||||
| Disagree | 11.8% (4) | 1.5% (1) | 8.7% (2) | ||||
| Standardization increased | Strongly agree | 26.5% (9) | 45.6% (31) | 13.0% (3) | 1042.0 (p = .378) | 546.5 (p = .021) | 293.5 (p = .064) |
| Agree | 64.7% (22) | 35.3% (24) | 60.9% (14) | ||||
| Disagree | 8.8% (3) | 19.1% (13) | 26.1% (6) | ||||
| Occupational safety activities increased | Strongly agree | 9.4% (3) | 30.2% (19) | 5.3% (1) | 723.0 (p = .014)a | 412.5 (p = .025) | 298.0 (p = .895) |
| Agree | 53.1% (17) | 49.2% (31) | 57.9% (11) | ||||
| Disagree | 37.5% (12) | 20.6% (13) | 36.8% (7) | ||||
| Stress increased | Strongly agree | 28.6% (10) | 25.8% (17) | 39.1% (9) | 968.5 (p = .157) | 633.0 (p = .209) | 391.5 (p = .852) |
| Agree | 48.6% (17) | 31.8% (21) | 30.4% (7) | ||||
| Disagree | 22.9% (8) | 42.4% (28) | 30.4% (7) | ||||
| Easier to push through decisions | Strongly agree | 3.1% (1) | 23.4% (15) | 5.0% (1) | 712.0 (p = .008)a | 512.0 (p = .139) | 280.0 (p = .391) |
| Agree | 50.0% (16) | 50.0% (32) | 60.0% (12) | ||||
| Disagree | 46.9% (15) | 26.6% (17) | 35.0% (7) | ||||
| Authority of production personnel to implement change increased | Strongly agree | 2.9% (1) | 27.0% (17) | 30.4% (7) | 712.5 (p = .003)a | 638.5 (p = .364) | 328.0 (p = .262) |
| Agree | 58.8% (20) | 54.0% (34) | 30.4% (7) | ||||
| Disagree | 38.2% (13) | 19.0% (12) | 39.1% (9) | ||||
| Ability to deal with unforeseen problems and disruptions in production increased | Strongly agree | 2.9% (1) | 12.9% (8) | 18.2% (4) | 994.0 (p = .607) | 538.0 (p = .105) | 266.0 (p = 0.036) |
| Agree | 58.8% (20) | 48.4% (30) | 63.6% (14) | ||||
| Disagree | 38.2% (13) | 38.7% (24) | 18.2% (4) | ||||
“Don’t know” and missing responses are not reported.
*
All work system variables referrer to perceived changes during the recent year.
**
p-values from Mann Whitney U statistical tests were compared to αadjusted = .017, an alpha threshold adjusted for multiple comparisons.
a
p < αadjusted