Table 1. Energy and fat intake of Intervention participants by baseline characteristics and intervention participation1 at baseline, and years 1 and 9 post-randomization.
| DPP Baseline | Post Randomization Year 1 | Post Randomization Year 9 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | N | Total Calories | Fat Grams | % energy from Fat | N | Total Calories | Fat Grams | % energy from Fat | N | Total Calories | Fat Grams | %energy from Fat |
| Total | 1054 | 1876 (1452-2549) | 70.4 (49.3-102.5) | 34.4 (29.6-38.5) | 987 | 1520 (1192-1986) | 45.2 (32.3-63.8) | 27.1 (23.1-31.5) | 790 | 1560 (1223-2026) | 61.0 (44.6-82.7) | 35.3 (29.7-40.2) |
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| Age | 0.0275 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||||||
|
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| 25-<45 years | 350 | 2059 (1533- 2859) | 80.4 (56.7-119.1) | 35.6 (31.3- 39.8) | 321 | 1581 (1248- 2090) | 51.5 (37.9- 69.7) | 28.5 (24.4- 33.0) | 230 | 1638 (1271- 2190) | 69.0 (46.9- 94.4) | 37.5 (32.1- 41.6) |
| 45-<60 | 475 | 1881 (1442- 2511) | 70.5 (47.6-100.1) | 34.4 (29.7- 38.5) | 453 | 1508 (1192- 1969) | 43.7 (31.0- 63.6) | 26.8 (22.8- 31.0) | 376 | 1578 (1238- 2007) | 61.3 (44.8- 79.0) | 35.1 (29.8- 40.5) |
| 60+ | 229 | 1758 (1340- 2195) | 57.1 (43.4- 80.9) | 32.6 (26.9- 36.6) | 213 | 1468 (1101- 1870) | 41.3 (29.3- 54.5) | 25.7 (21.7- 29.6) | 184 | 1496 (1164- 1918) | 52.7 (40.5- 67.3) | 33.0 (27.5- 38.0) |
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| Sex | <0.0001 | 0.0621 | <0.0001 | |||||||||
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| Female | 718 | 1789 (1373- 2415) | 67.5 (47.4- 95.6) | 34.6 (30.0- 38.8) | 671 | 1438 (1108- 1853) | 43.7 (30.4- 60.9) | 27.5 (23.4- 31.8) | 532 | 1510 (1157- 1960) | 59.0 (44.4- 82.4) | 35.9 (30.5- 40.9) |
| Male | 336 | 2064 (1678- 2827) | 78.3 (54.6-113.3) | 33.9 (29.3- 38.0) | 316 | 1785 (1337- 2294) | 49.9 (36.6- 69.7) | 26.7 (22.1- 30.5) | 258 | 1694 (1375- 2205) | 64.7 (46.9- 83.3) | 33.1 (28.4- 39.2) |
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| Race/Ethnicity | 0.0027 | 0.0012 | 0.7016 | |||||||||
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| White | 576 | 1880 (1466- 2511) | 70.4 (49.2- 95.5) | 34.1 (29.4- 37.9) | 537 | 1531 (1216- 1959) | 45.0 (32.8- 61.6) | 26.7 (22.8- 30.2) | 432 | 1601 (1289- 2046) | 62.9 (48.6- 83.4) | 35.3 (29.9- 40.2) |
| African American | 197 | 1782 (1385- 2415) | 66.1 (46.6- 95.8) | 34.1 (29.8- 38.1) | 178 | 1472 (1076- 1838) | 43.4 (30.7- 59.1) | 27.4 (23.4- 31.4) | 151 | 1442 (1088- 2059) | 57.8 (42.9- 78.9) | 35.5 (30.0- 40.9) |
| Hispanic | 172 | 2019 (1545- 2797) | 77.5 (56.6-116.2) | 35.8 (30.9- 40.0) | 164 | 1655 (1182- 2067) | 48.4 (34.0- 66.1) | 27.1 (23.0- 31.9) | 114 | 1564 (1304- 1891) | 59.5 (45.0- 76.5) | 34.7 (28.2- 39.9) |
| American Indian | 55 | 2289 (1357- 3242) | 91.6 (51.5-148.6) | 37.8 (31.4- 42.7) | 56 | 1582 (1200- 2302) | 61.4 (35.0- 85.5) | 33.8 (26.6- 38.4) | 45 | 1855 (1220- 2330) | 74.2 (46.3- 98.0) | 37.4 (31.3- 39.9) |
| Asian American or Pacific Islander | 54 | 1834 (1360- 2300) | 60.7 (42.3- 91.9) | 31.7 (27.1- 35.6) | 52 | 1477 (1059- 1991) | 43.2 (30.5- 59.2) | 26.1 (22.6- 32.4) | 48 | 1411 (966.6- 1642) | 47.6 (36.6- 71.2) | 35.7 (25.7- 40.7) |
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| Income | 0.1869 | 0.0578 | 0.0429 | |||||||||
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| $50,000+/year | 430 | 1893 (1499- 2573) | 70.7 (47.4-100.8) | 33.8 (29.4- 37.8) | 403 | 1539 (1215- 1976) | 44.6 (33.8- 63.3) | 27.2 (23.4- 30.8) | 331 | 1591 (1292- 2068) | 64.4 (47.6- 84.9) | 36.0 (30.5- 40.9) |
| <50,000 | 542 | 1881 (1442- 2565) | 70.7 (50.1-107.4) | 34.9 (30.1- 39.1) | 507 | 1495 (1169- 2005) | 45.6 (30.8- 65.2) | 27.1 (22.9- 32.0) | 397 | 1547 (1210- 2001) | 59.6 (44.4- 80.2) | 34.8 (29.5- 39.9) |
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| Hypertension history | 0.0418 | 0.0665 | 0.9327 | |||||||||
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| No | 760 | 1893 (1477- 2572) | 72.7 (50.9-103.8) | 34.5 (30.0- 38.7) | 718 | 1537 (1201- 2003) | 47.0 (33.6- 65.2) | 27.2 (23.4- 31.4) | 565 | 1598 (1257- 2054) | 63.0 (44.8- 83.5) | 35.4 (30.0- 40.2) |
| Yes | 294 | 1821 (1370- 2431) | 66.4 (45.7- 95.8) | 33.8 (28.6- 38.1) | 269 | 1476 (1132- 1929) | 42.2 (29.6- 59.1) | 26.9 (22.2- 31.5) | 225 | 1502 (1150- 1932) | 56.8 (43.5- 79.7) | 35.2 (29.6- 40.3) |
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| Quartile of Anxiety Score2 | 0.0172 | 0.0310 | 0.7728 | |||||||||
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| 1st Quartile 0(0-0) | 239 | 1810 (1419- 2556) | 65.7 (46.9- 94.6) | 33.8 (28.7- 37.4) | 223 | 1513 (1201- 1932) | 44.1 (32.2- 56.4) | 27.1 (22.9- 30.1) | 182 | 1450 (1147- 1880) | 56.7 (41.9- 74.6) | 34.9 (28.9- 40.3) |
| 2nd Quartile 2(1-2) | 280 | 1831 (1418- 2509) | 69.6 (47.7-103.5) | 34.4 (29.7- 38.4) | 265 | 1562 (1213- 1987) | 45.0 (32.6- 64.3) | 26.8 (23.1- 31.2) | 209 | 1556 (1310- 2005) | 62.8 (46.6- 83.9) | 35.4 (30.8- 40.2) |
| 3rd Quartile 4(3-5) | 267 | 1900 (1498- 2547) | 70.2 (49.3-101.5) | 35.0 (29.5- 38.9) | 251 | 1473 (1140- 2023) | 44.6 (31.3- 65.4) | 27.1 (23.2- 31.5) | 207 | 1576 (1221- 2004) | 60.6 (44.3- 83.5) | 35.3 (29.3- 40.8) |
| 4th Quartile 9(6-44) | 254 | 2043 (1509- 2603) | 77.3 (54.4-108.2) | 35.3 (30.4- 39.6) | 239 | 1531 (1203- 2041) | 49.3 (33.4- 65.7) | 28.0 (23.3- 33.0) | 181 | 1703 (1224- 2148) | 63.5 (47.9- 86.1) | 35.5 (29.7- 39.9) |
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| Quartile of MCS3 | 0.0838 | 0.0062 | 0.0532 | |||||||||
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| 1st Quartile 45.7(14.5-50.7) | 262 | 2085 (1450- 2719) | 77.5 (52.4-114.7) | 35.3 (30.7- 39.1) | 249 | 1561 (1248- 2069) | 50.1 (34.7- 69.3) | 28.2 (24.2- 32.6) | 192 | 1611 (1269- 2135) | 65.6 (45.8- 94.0) | 35.6 (30.5- 41.0) |
| 2nd Quartile 53.7(50.7-55.7) | 259 | 1827 (1466- 2431) | 67.6 (49.4- 94.2) | 33.7 (29.6- 37.9) | 242 | 1480 (1169- 1921) | 44.3 (31.3- 61.6) | 27.0 (22.8- 30.7) | 193 | 1618 (1260- 2031) | 65.3 (48.4- 85.0) | 35.8 (30.2- 40.4) |
| 3rd Quartile 57.3(55.7-58.6) | 264 | 1916 (1454- 2559) | 72.9 (47.8-104.1) | 34.6 (30.3- 39.0) | 244 | 1537 (1195- 1992) | 45.0 (33.1- 62.3) | 27.0 (23.4- 31.2) | 208 | 1524 (1223- 1932) | 60.0 (44.2- 77.3) | 35.7 (30.6- 39.6) |
| 4th Quartile 60.5(58.8-68.2) | 262 | 1821 (1426- 2508) | 66.0 (48.4- 94.2) | 34.0 (27.9- 37.9) | 248 | 1508 (1141- 1949) | 43.2 (30.7- 58.7) | 26.2 (22.1- 30.6) | 191 | 1541 (1165- 1959) | 57.2 (41.1- 72.8) | 33.4 (28.2- 40.2) |
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| Quartile of Baseline Weight* (kg) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0021 | |||||||||
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| 1st Quartile 72.4(48.6-79.1) kg | 262 | 1684 (1289- 2191) | 59.3 (42.7- 87.6) | 32.9 (27.4- 37.8) | 250 | 1372 (1073- 1759) | 41.1 (28.6- 52.9) | 25.9 (22.3- 30.2) | 204 | 1440 (1135- 1758) | 54.1 (39.7- 69.5) | 34.3 (28.8- 39.7) |
| 2nd Quartile 84.9(79.2-91.0) | 263 | 1792 (1377- 2357) | 64.2 (46.9- 92.9) | 34.0 (29.2- 37.6) | 245 | 1522 (1148- 1916) | 43.6 (31.7- 65.2) | 27.3 (22.5- 31.2) | 204 | 1538 (1229- 1948) | 59.9 (43.4- 77.4) | 34.8 (29.5- 39.6) |
| 3rd Quartile 97.7(91.1-105.1) | 267 | 1993 (1580- 2635) | 75.0 (53.2-105.6) | 34.3 (29.3- 38.1) | 252 | 1636 (1256- 2118) | 49.1 (34.1- 63.7) | 26.8 (23.0- 31.6) | 202 | 1629 (1329- 2072) | 63.8 (49.0- 83.4) | 35.1 (30.0- 40.5) |
| 4th Quartile 117.1(105.1-192.2) | 262 | 2209 (1561- 2954) | 86.1 (60.8-123.2) | 36.0 (32.2- 39.9) | 240 | 1603 (1285- 2130) | 51.5 (36.8- 70.0) | 28.2 (24.2- 32.7) | 180 | 1728 (1289- 2212) | 70.0 (52.1- 96.2) | 37.3 (32.1- 41.9) |
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| Quartile of leisure activity*4 (Met hours /wk at baseline | 0.4867 | 0.8520 | 0.0034 | |||||||||
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| 1st Quartile 1.5(0-3.8) | 255 | 1921 (1499- 2670) | 78.8 (55.8-115.1) | 36.2 (32.1- 40.7) | 241 | 1480 (1102- 1908) | 48.1 (31.6- 65.4) | 27.4 (24.5- 32.6) | 189 | 1554 (1221- 2038) | 60.5 (45.0- 88.9) | 35.7 (29.5- 40.9) |
| 2nd Quartile 6.3(3.8-9.5) | 263 | 1792 (1367- 2483) | 67.9 (49.2- 97.7) | 34.6 (30.0- 39.1) | 255 | 1495 (1137- 1963) | 43.8 (30.7- 59.9) | 27.3 (22.9- 31.2) | 209 | 1520 (1208- 2005) | 63.3 (43.9- 83.3) | 36.1 (30.6- 41.3) |
| 3rd Quartile 13.7(9.5-19.3) | 268 | 1835 (1443- 2503) | 69.0 (45.6- 98.9) | 33.5 (28.8- 37.4) | 245 | 1572 (1216- 1925) | 46.5 (33.5- 63.6) | 26.8 (22.9- 31.2) | 191 | 1559 (1233- 1974) | 60.3 (46.5- 79.7) | 35.7 (30.3- 39.9) |
| 4th Quartile 30.8(19.4-252.8) | 266 | 1917 (1480- 2595) | 67.2 (47.8- 99.5) | 32.6 (27.1- 37.5) | 244 | 1534 (1271- 2122) | 45.1 (33.6- 65.5) | 26.3 (21.8- 31.1) | 199 | 1588 (1261- 2099) | 60.0 (42.5- 78.3) | 33.1 (28.8- 39.1) |
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| Quartile of average leisure activity4 (Met hours /wk during follow-up | 0.2045 | 0.0395 | <0.0001 | |||||||||
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| 1st Quartile 6.0(0.1-9.0) | 248 | 1838 (1430- 2516) | 75.8 (50.5-106.3) | 35.2 (31.1- 39.7) | 239 | 1479 (1086- 1945) | 47.8 (34.3- 65.6) | 28.9 (24.6- 34.3) | 199 | 1555 (1183- 2075) | 65.5 (49.8- 89.9) | 37.6 (32.6- 43.4) |
| 2nd Quartile 11.9(9.0-15.0) | 254 | 1821 (1402- 2453) | 70.6 (48.0-100.8) | 35.5 (31.2- 39.2) | 254 | 1465 (1134- 1908) | 43.3 (30.6- 61.6) | 26.7 (22.6- 31.5) | 200 | 1511 (1205- 1955) | 57.3 (43.7- 83.4) | 35.6 (30.1- 40.2) |
| 3rd Quartile 18.7(15.0-24.0) | 259 | 1915 (1436- 2549) | 68.8 (46.6-103.6) | 34.2 (29.0- 37.9) | 247 | 1537 (1213- 1991) | 46.3 (32.3- 63.2) | 27.5 (23.1- 30.8) | 193 | 1578 (1220- 1987) | 58.8 (44.3- 78.9) | 34.0 (29.6- 39.4) |
| 4th Quartile 34.3(24.1-134.4) | 258 | 1966 (1515- 2605) | 69.6 (50.1- 98.3) | 32.5 (27.1- 37.5) | 246 | 1661 (1293- 2146) | 45.2 (34.3- 65.5) | 25.7 (21.5- 29.4) | 198 | 1601 (1307- 2117) | 60.8 (43.2- 76.2) | 33.1 (28.3- 37.9) |
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| Quartile of HELP/BOOST sessions attended in DPPOS | 0.5940 | 0.0238 | 0.0010 | |||||||||
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| 1st Quartile 2(1-3) | 169 | 1895 (1544- 2532) | 72.9 (53.5-104.3) | 35.1 (30.3- 38.5) | 160 | 1591 (1193- 2105) | 50.4 (35.9- 66.9) | 28.5 (24.3- 32.9) | 170 | 1602 (1271- 2129) | 63.3 (49.1- 91.4) | 36.3 (30.9- 41.5) |
| 2nd Quartile 6(4-8) | 226 | 1935 (1473- 2511) | 71.0 (49.8-102.7) | 34.6 (29.7- 38.6) | 217 | 1531 (1217- 1945) | 45.1 (32.0- 60.8) | 26.6 (23.2- 30.5) | 228 | 1562 (1222- 1999) | 64.9 (44.9- 80.8) | 36.5 (30.2- 41.1) |
| 3rd Quartile 14(9-21) | 187 | 1798 (1369- 2472) | 67.4 (46.6-100.5) | 34.1 (30.0- 38.2) | 185 | 1489 (1173- 1916) | 42.6 (32.9- 60.9) | 26.6 (22.3- 31.0) | 192 | 1562 (1276- 1950) | 59.4 (44.4- 82.7) | 34.4 (29.3- 39.9) |
| 4th Quartile 31(22-59) | 193 | 1879 (1449- 2549) | 70.4 (47.5-100.1) | 34.0 (28.6- 38.6) | 194 | 1477 (1179- 1999) | 43.7 (30.3- 58.5) | 26.4 (22.3- 29.9) | 200 | 1513 (1193- 2062) | 56.8 (42.8- 75.7) | 33.6 (28.8- 37.9) |
1
Values reported are medians with inter-quartile range, numbers under each quartile are median (minimum-maximum).
2
Higher quartiles represent greater severity of anxiety on the Beck Anxiety Inventory.
3
Higher scores represent better psychological health on the Mental Component Scale
4
Higher scores represent higher leisure energy expenditure on the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire