Table 3.
Characteristics of subjects with proven or possible human rhinovirus (HRV) pneumonia
| Variable | Proven HRV pneumonia, N = 22 (%)a | Possible HRV pneumonia, N = 19 (%)b |
|---|---|---|
| Median age in years (range) at HSCT | 50 (22–65) | 55 (24–66) |
| Median days HSCT to first HRV detection (IQR) | 34 (10.5–337) | 100 (11–292) |
| Median days HSCT to HRV pneumonia (IQR) | 106 (20–346) | 154 (21.5–313) |
| Transplant type | ||
| Allogeneic | 18 (82) | 12 (63) |
| Autologous | 4 (18) | 7 (37) |
| Conditioning regimen | ||
| Myeloablative | 16 (73) | 15 (79) |
| Reduced‐intensity | 6 (27) | 4 (21) |
| GVHD at time of HRV detection | 11/18 (61) | 8/12 (67) |
| Relapse of underlying hematologic malignancy | 2 (10) | 3 (16) |
| COPD/Asthma | 1 (5) | 2 (11) |
| Antibiotic therapy within previous 7 days | 21/25 (84) | 15/26 (58) |
| Signs and symptomsc | ||
| Fever (≥38.0°C) | 15 (60) | 15 (58) |
| Cough | 22/24 (92) | 26 (100) |
| Sputum production | 14/23 (61) | 16/22 (73) |
| Dyspnea | 16 (64) | 16 (62) |
| Hypoxia (oxygen saturation <95% on room air) | 15 (60)d | 8 (31)d |
| Laboratory markersc | ||
| Neutropenia (<500 cells/μL) | 5 (20) | 10 (38) |
| Lymphopenia (<200 cells/μL) | 12 (48) | 10 (38) |
| Albumin <3.2 mg/dL | 24 (96) | 21 (81) |
| CT scan characteristics in patients with HRV mono‐infectione | ||
| Multilobar (≥2 lung segments) | 8 (100) | 12 (80) |
| Interstitial infiltrates | 1 (13) | 0 |
| Patchy ground glass infiltrates | 5 (63) | 5 (33) |
| Peribronchiolar infiltrates | 7 (88)d | 5 (33)d |
| Consolidation with air bronchograms | 5 (63) | 10 (67) |
| Nodular infiltrates with surrounding ground glass | 2 (25) | 2 (13) |
| Respiratory co‐pathogen(s) detectedc | 15 (60)d | 8 (31)d |
| Bacterial co‐pathogens | Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (2 cases); Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; S. maltophilia, Acinetobacter baumannii; Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum | Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa; P. aeruginosa; Haemophilus influenzae; Vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus |
| Viral co‐pathogens | Parainfluenza virus 3 (2 cases); Respiratory syncytial virus A | Parainfluenza virus 3; Influenza A |
| Fungal co‐pathogens | Pneumocystis jirovecii (2 cases); Aspergillus calidoustus; Proven fungal pneumonia;f Probable fungal pneumonia;g Possible fungal pneumonia | Hormographiella aspergillata |
A total of 25 episodes of proven HRV pneumonia in 22 patients.
A total of 26 episodes of possible HRV pneumonia in 19 patients.
During N = 25 and N = 26 episodes of proven and possible HRV pneumonia, respectively; denominator indicated where data are missing.
P = 0.05, 0.03, and 0.05 for comparison of hypoxia, peribronchiolar infiltrates, and co‐pathogen(s) detected, respectively, using Fisher's exact test.
Among 10 episodes of proven HRV pneumonia and 18 episodes of possible HRV pneumonia in which HRV was the sole pathogen detected, there were 8 and 15 CT scans available for review, respectively.
Proven fungal pneumonia criteria met: bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, skin biopsy with angioinvasive septated hyphal forms.
Probable fungal pneumonia criteria met: positive result for Aspergillus antigen in ≥2 blood samples, lower respiratory tract fungal disease (dense, well‐circumscribed lesions without a halo sign).
HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; IQR, interquartile range; GVHD, graft‐versus‐host disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CT, computed tomography.
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