Table 3. GRADE assessment of outcomes.
Outcome | Quality assessment | Quality | Importance | ||||||
No of studies | Design | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias | |||
VAS | 5 | RCT | seriousa | no serious inconsistency | no serious indirectness | no serious imprecision | Undetected | Moderate | Critical |
TT | 2 | RCT | seriousa | no serious inconsistency | no serious indirectness | no serious imprecision | Undetected | Moderate | Critical |
Response rate | 3 | RCT | seriousa | seriousb | no serious indirectness | no serious imprecision | Undetected | Low | Critical |
HTI | 2 | RCT | seriousa | seriousb | no serious indirectness | no serious imprecision | Undetected | Low | Important |
PFT | 4 | RCT | seriousa | no serious inconsistency | no serious indirectness | no serious imprecision | Undetected | Moderate | Important |
HPT | 2 | RCT | seriousa | seriousb | no serious indirectness | no serious imprecision | Undetected | Low | Important |
Hypoechogenicity | 3 | RCT | seriousa | no serious inconsistency | no serious indirectness | no serious imprecision | Undetected | Moderate | Important |
a Random sequence generation, allocation concealment and blind method were not reported in most studies.
b The heterogeneity among included studies was not neglectable.
RCT: randomization controlled trial; VAS: visual analogue score; TT: tenderness threshold; HTI: heel tenderness index; PFT: plantar fascia thickness; HPT: heel pad thickness.