Table 2.

The results of the literature review

Reference	Type	Patient number	HBV status (number of patients)	Medications	Pre-emptive therapy	Number of patients developing reactivation
[4, 20, 33, 38]	Case report	5	CHB (4), Past infection (1)	Prednisone	N	5
[23]	Prospective study	41	CHB (41)	Prednisone	N	21
[5]	Retrospective study	98	CHB (21), Not applied (77)	Prednisone	N	4
[8, 27]	Case report	2	CHB (1), past infection (1)	DMARDs	N	2
[12]	Prospective study	215	CHB (27), past infection (188)	DMARDs	Y (4 patients received pre-emptive therapy)	4
[13]	Prospective study	50	CHB (5), past infection (45)	DMARDs (6 patients), TNFBA (44 patients)	N	3
[31]	Retrospective study	8	CHB (8)	TNFBA	N	1
[14]	Retrospective study	49	CHB (49)	TNFBA	Y (20 patients received pre-emptive therapy)	3
[10]	Prospective study	52	CHB (14), HBV-vaccinated (19), past infection (19)	TNFBA	N	1
[11]	Prospective analysis	135	Past infection (135)	TNFBA	N	7
[32]	Retrospective study	7	CHB (7)	TNFBA	N	3
[19]	Retrospective study	92	CHB (92)	TNFBA (91 patients), DMARDs (1 patient)	N	27
[24]	Retrospective study	88	CHB (18), past infection (60)	TNFBA	Y (10 patients received pre-emptive therapy)	6
[21]	Retrospective study	60	Past infection (60)	TNFBA	N	2
[34]	Prospective study	21	Past infection (21)	TNFBA	N	0
[36]	Prospective study	67	Past infection (67)	TNFBA	N	0
[6, 7, 16, 18, 22, 25, 26, 28–30, 35, 37, 39]	Case report	17	Past infection (3), CHB (14)	TNFBA	Y (6 patients received pre-emptive therapy)	9
[15, 17, 40]	Case report	3	CHB (3)	Anti-CD30	Y (2 patients received pre-emptive therapy)	1

CHB chronic hepatitis b, DMARDs disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, HBV hepatitis B virus, TNFBA tumor necrosis factor-alpha-blocking agents